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Scan 320
A Cyclopaedic Dictionary of Music, 1908
93 lines. Read by computer on 12 September 2026, twice; the two readings disagreed in places. Printed page 304. See the scan on archive.org.
1Molique: Abraham, 1860.
2Liszt: St. Elizabeth, 1865.
3Sterndale Bennett: Woman of Samaria, 1867.
4Sullivan: Prodigal Son, 1869; Light of the World, 1873; Golden Legend, 1886.
5Benedict: St. Peter, 1870.
6Macfarren: St. John the Baptist, 1873.
7Gounod: Redemption, 1882; Mors et Vita, 1885.
8Dvorak: St. Ludmila, 1886.
9Cowen: Ruth, 1887.
10Parry (Sir H.): Judith, 1888.
11Bridge: Repentance of Nineveh, 1890.
12Stanford: Eden, 1891.
13Mackenzie: Bethlehem, 1894.
14Elgar: Dream of Gerontius, 1900; The Apostles, 1903; The Kingdom, 1906.
16Orchésographie (F.). The science and theory of dancing.
17Orchestique (F.). Relating to dancing.
18Orchestik' (G.). Art of rhythmical motion.
20Orchest' (G.)
21Orchestra (E.)
22Orchestra (I.)
23Orchestre (F.)
24"Dancing place." (1) In the ancient Greek theatre the place in front of the stage allotted to the "chorus." In modern theatres and concert rooms the place allotted to the "band." Hence (2) the band itself, and the instruments in general.
25The "Classical" full orchestra, as established by Beethoven, consists of 3 main divisions:—
26(1) The "wood-wind;" 2 flutes (flauti, abbn. fl.), 2 oboes (oboi, ob.), 2 clarinets (clarinetti, clar., cl.), and 2 bassoons (fagotti, fag.).
27(2) The "brass" (and percussion insts.); 2 (or 4) horns (corni, cor.), 2 (or 3) trumpets (trombe, tr.), 3 trombones (tromboni, tbi.), 2 (or 3) kettle-drums (timpani, timp.).
28(3) The "strings;" 1st violins, 2nd violins, violas, violoncellos, and double-basses (varying in number according to the "size" of the orch.).
29In the Finale of his 9th Symphony, Beethoven also employs a piccolo, a contrabassoon, a triangle, cymbals, and a big drum.
30More recent composers occasionally add considerably to Beethoven's orchestral resources.
31Wagner's "grand orchestra" in the Ring des Nibelungen consists of 1 piccolo, 3 flutes 3 oboes, 1 cor anglais, 3 clarinets, 1 bass clarinet, 3 bassoons, 8 horns, 3 chromatic trumpets, 1 bass chromatic trumpet, 3 trombones, 1 contrabass trombone, 5 tubas, 4 kettle-drums, triangle, cymbals, bass drum, 6 harps, 16 first vns., 16 second vns., 12 violas, 12 'cellos, 8 double-basses.
32Berlioz "sighed for an ideal Festival orchestra" to consist of 120 violins, 40 violas, 45 'cellos, 18 three-stringed basses, 15 four-stringed basses, 4 octo-basses, 6 large flutes, 4 third flutes, 2 piccolos, 2 piccolos in Db, 6 oboes, 6 corni Inglesi, 5 saxophones, 4 tenoroons, 12 bassoons, 4 clarinets in Eb, 8 ordinary clarinets, 3 bass clarinets, 16 horns, 8 trumpets, 6 cornets-à-pistons, 12 trombones, 3 ophicleides, 2 bass tubas, 30 harps, 30 piano-fortes, 1 organ, 8 pairs of kettle-drums, 6 drums, 3 long drums, 4 pairs of cymbals, 6 triangles, 6 sets of bells, 12 pairs of antique cymbals, 2 very low great bells, 2 gongs, and 4 Turkish Crescents.
34Orchest' Beglei'tung (G.). Orchestral accompaniment. one of two readings
35Orchest'ergleit'ung (G.). Orchestral accompaniment. one of two readings
36Orchest' Partitur' (G.). A full orchestral score. one of two readings
37Orchest'ergititur' (G.). A full orchestral score. one of two readings
38Orchest'ersatz. An orchestral piece; a concerted piece.
39Orchest'ersstim'men (G.). Orchestral parts.
40Orchest'ervein (G.). An orchestral society.
41Small orchestra. A "classical" orchestra (as above), with trombones (and perhaps clarinets and drums) omitted, and only 2 horns and 2 trumpets.
42String orchestra. An orchestra of strings only.
44Orchest'ral colour. (See Colour.) one of two readings
45Orchestral colour. (See Colour.) one of two readings
47Orchest'ral oboe } Organ stops specially one of two readings
48Orchestral oboe } Organ stops specially one of two readings
49Orchest'ral flute } voiced to imitate the orchestral instruments. one of two readings
50Orchestral flute } voiced to imitate the orchestral instruments. one of two readings
51Orchestral Score. (See Score.)
52Orchestras, Finest.
53The finest orchestras in the world are (1) The orchestra of the Casino, Monte Carlo; (2) Lamoureux orchestra, Paris; (3) Philharmonic orchestra, Berlin; (4) Châtelet Theatre, Paris (under M. Colonne); (5) Boston Symphony Orchestra; (6) New York Philharmonic Orchestra.—London Evening News, Aug., 1906.
54Mr. Henry Wood's Queen's Hall Orchestra and the Orchestra of the Paris Cons. should also be mentioned.
56Orchestration. The art of writing for the orchestra.
57Often called Instrumentation. (For Gevaert's distinction see Instrumentation.)
58Or'chestrate (E.)
59Orchestri(e)'ren (G.)
60Orchestrer (F.)
61Orchestra're (I.)
62To write, or arrange music for an orchestra.
64Orchestre (F.). Orchestra.
65À grand orchestre. For full orchestra.
66Orchestri'na } A large automatic barrel organ
67Orchest'ri'on } imitating a full orchestra.
68Orchestri'no (I.). A piano-violin, invented 1808.
70OR'DENSTEIN, Heinrich. B. Worms, 1856.
71Studied Leipzig Cons. and Paris,
72Founded the Carlsruhe Cons., 1884.
74Ordinaire (F.). Ordinary.
75Cors ordinaires. Natural horns.
76Sons ordinaires. The "open" or natural sounds of instruments.
78Ordina'rio (I.). Ordinary.
79A tem'po ordina'rio. At a moderate speed; 4-4 time.
81Ordre (F.). A suite.
83Orec'chia,-o (I.) } The ear.
84Oreille (F.)
85Orec'chia musica'le (I.) } An ear for music.
86Oreille musicale (F.)
87Orecchian'te (I.). One who performs or judges music "by ear;" i.e., without musical training.
89Or'gan. (L., Or'ganum; G., Or'gel; F., Orgue; I., Or'gano.)
90The development of the "King of Instruments"—essentially "a box of whistles"—from the primitive "whistling reed" represents one of the highest achievements of human ingenuity. The first organs of which we have any authentic records date from about the 4th century, A.D. (A so-called "hydraulic" organ was invented by Ctesibius an Egyptian (3rd cent. B.C.), but our knowledge of the details of its construction is vague and uncertain.) The early organs were naturally very crude instruments in comparison with our present magnificent church and concert organs. They had from 8 to 30 pipes, and the keys were so clumsy and broad (4 to 6 inches) that they had to be struck by the fists or elbows. Hence the performers on these organs were known as "organ beaters." Pedals were invented about 1325, and reed pipes probably in the 15th century.
91The CONSTRUCTION of an organ falls conveniently under 4 heads:—
92(1) The Pipes. These are of 2 kinds. (a) Flue pipes, constructed on the same principle as the ordinary tin whistle, and either open or stopped. (See Acoustics and Pipe.) (b) Reed pipes, constructed on the principle of the clarinet. A group of pipes of the same tone-quality forms a Register or Stop, and a number of different
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