Books › A cyclopaedic dictionary of music; comprising 18,000 musical terms and phrases, over 6,000 biographical notices of musicians, and 500 articles on musical topics, with an appendix .., 1919 › scan 494
Scan 494
A cyclopaedic dictionary of music; comprising 18,000 musical terms and phrases, over 6,000 biographical notices of musicians, and 500 articles on musical topics, with an appendix .., 1919
112 lines. Read by computer on 11 September 2026. Printed page 460. See the scan on archive.org.
1Viola
3VIO'LA, Francesco. Pupil of Willaert; maestro at Ferrara.
4Published 2 books of madrigals (1567, 1573).
6Vio'la (I.). (1) The larger form of violin, called in England the Tenor and in France the Alto.
7Music for the viola is generally written with the alto clef. It plays the 3rd part in the string quartet, and its 4 strings are tuned as follows, sounding exactly an octave higher than those of the violoncello:—
9C G D A
11Vio'la (I.). (2) A viol (q.v.).
13Vio'la al'ta. (1) (See Viol.) (2) A large form of orchestral viola.
14Vio'la bastar'da. A larger form of Viola da gamba. (See below.)
15Vio'la da brac'cio (G., Bra'tsche). "Arm-viol;" practically the same as the present viola (I).
16Vio'la da gam'ba. "Leg-viol." The bass-viol. (See Viol.)
17Vio'la d'amo're (F., Viole d'amour). A tenor viol with 6 or 7 wire strings, and a tender sweet tone.
18Vio'la da spal'la. "Shoulder-viol;" an enlarged Vio'la da brac'cio (see above).
19Vio'la di bordo'ne, or Barytone. A viol resembling the viola da gamba, with 6 or 7 gut strings, and a number of sympathetic metal strings. Haydn wrote many pieces for it.
20Vio'la pompo'sa, or Violoncel'lo pic'colo. An inst. with 5 strings, midway between a tenor and a 'cello, invented by J. S. Bach.
22VIO'LE, Rudolf. Pianist; pupil of Liszt; b. Schochwitz, 1815; d. 1867.
23Works: 11 pf. sonatas, 100 pf. studies, characteristic pf. pieces, &c.
25Vio'le (G.). Viol (q.v.).
27Viole (F.). The ordinary viola. (Formerly, a viol.)
28Viole d'amour. (See Viola d'amo're.)
30Vio'len (G.). Modern plur. of (the ordinary) viola.
32Violent (F.). Violent, impetuous.
34Violentemen'te (I.). Violently, impetuously.
35Violen'to. Violent.
36Con violen'za. With violence.
38Violet, or English violet. The Viola d'amore (q.v.).
40Violet'ta (I.). A small viol.
41Violet'ta mari'na. A form of viol invented by P. Castrucci. Handel wrote solos for it in Orlando and Sosarme.
43Violette (F.). A small viola.
45Violin'. (G., Violi'ne; F., Violon; I., Violi'no. "The King of the orchestra." The ordinary tuning of its 4 strings is as follows —
47G D A E
49The most remote ancestor of the violin yet discovered is the Ravanastron, said to have been invented in Ceylon about 5,000 b.c., and still in use in India and China. Later developments of the Ravanastron were the Rebab of the Arabs and Persians (which became the European Rebeck of the Middle Ages), the Breton Crwth (Crout, Rota, Lyra, &c.), and the various forms of Lute and Viol (q.v.).
51The following are among the most noted makers of violins, those marked * being specially celebrated:—
52Gasparo da Salo, Andrea Amati, *Nicolo Amati, Andrea Guarnerius, *Joseph Guarnerius *A. Stradivarius, C. Begonzi, *G. Guadagnini, C. Landolfi, *Jacob Stainer, *Sebastian Klotz, Medard, Lupot, and Vuillaume.
53The violin "bow" has been perfected through the efforts of Corelli, Vivaldi, Tartini, and Tourte.
55French violin clef. The G clef on the first line.
57Violin'bogen (G.). A violin bow.
58Violin clef. The ordinary G (or treble) clef.
59Violin diapason. An organ diapason of "stringy" tone.
60Violin'concert (G.) } A violin concerto.
61Violin'konzert (G.) }
62Violin'schlüssel (G.). Treble clef.
63Violin'stimme (G.). A violin part.
64Violin'zeichen (G.). The treble clef.
66Violi'na. A string-toned organ stop, generally of 4 ft. pitch.
68Violina'ta (I.). (1) A piece for vn. (2) A piece imitating the vn.
70Violincel'lo. An old spelling of Violoncello.
72Violinette. (1) A kit (q.v.). (2) A violino piccolo (q.v.).
74Violi'no (I.). A violin.
75Violi'no di fer'ro. A nail-fiddle (q.v.).
76Violi'no pic'colo. A small vn. tuned a 4th higher than the ordinary vn.
77Violi'no pompo'so. (See Viola pomposa.)
78Violi'no pri'mo. Vn. rmo. First violin.
79Violi'no principa'le. The principal vn.; the leader of an orchestra, the solo violinist in a concerto.
80Violi'no ripie'no. (See Ripieno.)
81Violi'no secon'do. Vn. 2do. Second violin.
83Violi'ni (I.). Violins.
84Violi'ni uni'soni. The violins in unison.
86Violin'schlüssel (G.). Violin clef; i.e.,
88G clef—
90Violi'sta (I.)
91Violiste (F.)
92Violier (F.) } Player on a viol or viola.
94Violon (F.). (1) A violin. (2) A string-toned org. stop, generally of 8 ft. pitch.
96Violon' (G.). A double-bass.
98Violonar (F.). A double-bass.
100Violona'ro. An octo-bass (q.v.).
102Violoncel'lo (I.). (G., Violoncell'; F., Violoncelle.) Abbns., 'Cello, 'cello. The bass of the ordinary string quartet.
103The violoncello in its present form dates from the latter half of the 16th cent. Its 4 strings are tuned as follows, an octave below those of the viola:—
105C G D A
107In modern scores the lowest string is sometimes tuned down to B, a semitone lower.
108The tenor clef is often used for the higher notes, and sometimes (for very high notes) the treble clef.
110Violoncell'i'sta. A 'cellist.
111Violoncello pic'colo. Same as Viola pomposa (q.v.).
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