Books › A descriptive catalogue of the musical instruments recently exhibited at the Royal Military Exhibition, London, 1890 …, 1891 › scan 159
Scan 159
A descriptive catalogue of the musical instruments recently exhibited at the Royal Military Exhibition, London, 1890 …, 1891
12 lines. Read by computer on 1 October 2026. Printed page 139. See the scan on archive.org.
1The completion of the scale of the horn by means of what are termed bouché sounds, produced by the introduction of the hand into the bell, is attributed to a player named Hampl, of Dresden, about 1770. Attempting to produce a softer tone by the introduction of a pad or "mute" of cotton wool, he found the pitch became lowered by a semitone; and then, employing his hand, instead of the mute, he discovered the method by which intervals between the open notes, or natural harmonics, could be, to a great extent, bridged over.
3The same principle was applied to the trumpet in 1780 by Wögel, of Rastadt, and his instrument was known in Germany as the invention horn. An instrument very similar, and called stopftrompete, was for a short time in use, but achieved but small success, the true trumpet quality being lost.
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7RAMSHORN TRUMPET. The Jewish Shofar. Polish. The natural horn is partially straightened and flattened by heat, and the small end is formed into a mouthpiece. Length of outside curve, 20 1/2 inches. The harmonics available are the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, sounding—
9The fundamental sound d♭ could not be obtained from a tube of this length. Indeed, the proper tones of such a tube as the shofar are not harmonics in the true sense. It seems more rational to regard d'♭ as the fundamental, and the a'♭ and d''♭ as, owing to the irregular form of the tube, disturbed harmonics. The subject, however, is of too complicated a nature to discuss here.
11In the Bible, keren, shofar, and khatsotsrah are the Hebrew names for instruments of the trumpet kind. The keren and shofar are sometimes used synonymously. The shofar appears to have been in common use as a military instrument, and was used by Saul (I Sam. 13. 3) to rouse the people against their enemies. The shofar was also used in pageants or processions, and is several times mentioned in the Psalms.
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