Books › A dictionary of musical terms : containing upwards of 9,000 English, French, German, Italian, Latin and Greek words and phrases … with a supplement containing an English-Italian vocabulary for composers, 1904 › scan 102
Scan 102
A dictionary of musical terms : containing upwards of 9,000 English, French, German, Italian, Latin and Greek words and phrases … with a supplement containing an English-Italian vocabulary for composers, 1904
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1by lightly touching the G-string of a violin at its midpoint, it is divided into 2 vibrating sections, each producing the octave of g, i. e., g1; by touching it one-third of the distance from nut to bridge, it is divided into 3 vibrating sections, each producing the fifth above the octave of g, i. e., d2; etc. Such harmonics, obtained from open strings, are called natural; when the string is previously shortened by stopping, and the harmonics then obtained by lightly touching this shortened section, they are called artificial. The following table shows the harmonics obtained on a string: By lightly touching the octave, we get the octave; "fifth, " " " " twelfth; "fourth, " " " " fifteenth; "third (maj.) " " " its own 15th; "third (min.) " " " " 17th.
2The harmonics are distinguished by their soft, sweet, ethereal character, and the "fluty" quality of their tone (hence the epithets flautato, flageolet). They are called for by the sign ° (the "harmonic mark") over the notes to be touched (not stopped).
4Harmon'ica. (Comp. Ger. Harmo'nika.)
51. The instr. developed by Benjamin Franklin from the musical glasses, and named by him Armon'ica. It consisted of a graduated series of glass bells or basins forming a diatonic scale (lowest tone to the left), and fastened in a row upon a spindle, which was made to revolve by a treadle; the ends of the spindle were supported by the end-pieces of a trough containing water to moisten the revolving glasses, whose edges were touched by the fingers in playing. Melodies could be performed, and accompanied harmonically by chords as wide as the fingers could stretch.—2. See Mouth-harmonica.
7Harmonicel'lo. A bow-instr. resembling the 'cello, with 5 gut and 10 wire strings; inv. by Joh. Karl Bischoff of Nuremberg in the 2nd half of the 18th century.
9Harmonichord. See Piano-violin.
11Harmo'nici. Aristoxenos and his followers, who deduced the rules of harmony from musical practice; opp. to Canonici (Pythagoras and his disciples), who derived their rules from the mathematical determination of the intervals.
13Harmo'nicon. 1. A mouth-harmonica. 2.—An orchestrion.—3. A keyed har-
15monica combined with a flue-stop or stops; inv. by W. C. Müller.
17Harmoni-cor (Fr.) See Harmoniphon 2.
19Harmonicorde (Fr.) Harmonichord.
21Harmo'nicum. An improved form of Bandonion, inv. by Brendel and Klösser of Mittweida (Saxony) in 1893. It is, essentially, an accordion-body fixed in an harmonium-case; the keyboard is made like either that of the harmonium or bandonion; the wind-supply is controlled by treadles.
23Harmonie' (Ger.) 1. Harmony; chord.—2. Music for the wind-instr.s (brass and wood); also Harmonie'musik.—3. The wind-instr.s (brass and wood) collectively.—Harmonie'eigen, harmonic, chordal; (tones) proper to a harmony; opp. to harmonie'fremd…Harmonie'-lehre, theory of harmony…Harmonie'-trompette, an instr. between a horn and trumpet, which permitted of the successful use of muted tones; inv. early in the 19th century [RIEMANN].
25Harmonieux,-ieuse (Fr.) Harmonious.
27Harmo'nika (Ger.) Accordion; concertina;—see also Holz'harmonika, Mund'harmonika, Zieh'harmonika.
29Harmo'niker (Ger., pl.) Harmonici.
31Harmon'iphon. 1. A keyboard wind-instr. inv. by Panis of Paris in 1837, having a set of reed-pipes in imitation of oboe-tubes; hence the Ger. name Klavieroboë.—2. The harmoni-cor, inv. by Jaulin of Paris, similar to the above, but with clarinet-tubes; the wind is supplied through a mouthpiece.
33Harmo'nisch (Ger.) Harmonic.
35Harmo'nium. Comp. Reed-organ.—In harmonium-music, numerals enclosed in circles are used in lieu of the stop-names in full, and signify:
37<table>
38 <tr>
39 <th>Stops on bass side (sign below bass staff.)</th>
40 <th>Stops on Treble side (sign above or below treble staff.)</th>
41 </tr>
42 <tr>
43 <td>1 Cor anglais</td>
44 <td>1 Flute</td>
45 </tr>
46 <tr>
47 <td>2 Bourdon</td>
48 <td>2 Clarinet</td>
49 </tr>
50 <tr>
51 <td>3 Clarion</td>
52 <td>3 Piccolo</td>
53 </tr>
54 <tr>
55 <td>4 Bassoon</td>
56 <td>4 Oboe</td>
57 </tr>
58</table>
60Harmonom'eter. An appliance for measuring the harmonic relations of tones (intervals). See Monochord.
62Har'mony. (Ger. and Fr. Harmonie'; It. armoni'a.) In general, a combination of tones or chords producing music.—Specifically, a chord, either consonant or dissonant, though usually
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