Scan 80
American history and encyclopedia of music, 1910
29 lines. Read by computer on 11 September 2026. Printed page 57. See the scan on archive.org.
1banjo
2lowest tuned string which is never stopped. When there are five strings they are tuned to the G on the third space below the treble clef C on the first line, below G on the second line, B on the third, D on the fourth and G on the space above. The parchment drum gives the strings a peculiar tone quality. The music of this instrument is sprightly and quaint in character, adapted to dancing and as an accompaniment to the voice, and the instrument is a great favorite with the American negro.
3Bänkelsänger (běnk'-ěl-sěng-ěr) Ger. n.
4Bench-singer. Strolling ballad-singers of a low class, who partly sing and partly recite ballads and romantic tales at fairs and such places. So called because they stood upon benches the better to be heard.
5bar
61. A vertical line drawn through the staff to indicate its division into measures and the place of the strong accent which is on the first beat of a measure immediately after the bar.
72. Incorrectly applied to the measure itself, a use which has brought into existence the incongruous expression bar-line, instead of bar.
8bar, dotted double
9A double bar with dots before shows that the music preceding it is to be repeated. A double bar having dots after it shows that the music which follows is to be repeated. When the dots appear on both sides the music on both sides is to be repeated.
10bar, double
11Two lines drawn across the staff or to divide it into different parts or to indicate the end of the composition.
12barbarism
13An arrangement of notes or phrases that is an offense against purity of musical style.
14barbaro (băr'-bā-rō) It. adj.
15Fierce, cruel: as related to music, meaning wild and vehement.
16barbet (băr-bět') Eng. n. from Grk., but probably of eastern origin.
17barbiton (băr'-bī-tōn) Eng. n. from Grk., probably of eastern origin.
18baritos (băr'-bī-tōs) Eng. n. from Grk., but probably of eastern origin.
191. An ancient Greek lyre whose invention is accredited to Anacreon. It is supposed to have been a seven-stringed lyre.
202. In the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, the name given to instruments of the violin species.
21barcarola (băr-kā-rō'-lā) It. n.
22barcarolle (băr-kā-rōl') Fr. n.
23barcaruola (băr-kā-roo-ō'-lā) It. n.
24A simple instrumental or vocal melody written in imitation of or similar in character to the songs of Venetian gondoliers and usually in six-eight time.
25bard. Eng. n. of Celt. origin.
26In all Celtic countries the name given poet musicians or minstrels whose duties consisted in celebrating the deeds of heroes and kings, reciting accounts of battles and other important events at social gatherings, and of singing the praises of the gods at all religious assemblies. They usually accompanied themselves on the harp, or the ancient Celtic instrument like a violin which they called crowd or crwth. They became very powerful, winning the favor of kings and princes through their abilities as chroniclers or entertainers, and wielding it sometimes so mightily that laws were made to restrain them. They marched in the forefront of battle, inciting the warriors to bravery by means of their heroic and inspiring music, and in times of peace served the state as ambassadors and heralds. They were the preservers of traditions and chronicles, and were sometimes among the most learned people of a community. They preserved old song forms and the words of old songs and ballads and have thus greatly influenced music of the nations in which they flourished. They kept their influence longest in Wales, where they held assemblies called Eisteddvodau, where they met and held contests in recitation and singing until the time of Queen Elizabeth; these assemblies have since been revived. In Ireland they are divided into Filheda or singers of sacred and heroic songs, who served as heralds and councillors and ambassadors; Braithlemain, who expounded the laws; and Senachaidhe, who preserved the chronicles and records. To the bards in great measure we owe the preservation of ancient Celtic song.
27bardd alan (bärd-ä'-län) Welsh n.
28A professor of music.
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