Scan 229
Catalogue of the Stearns collection of musical instruments, 1921
23 lines. Read by computer on 22 September 2026. No printed page number was found. See the scan on archive.org.
1CASE XIII.
2CLASS IV.
4Section G. Continued (European).
61270. CRWTH (crooth), or CROWD ………………………………………Wales
7This instrument is held by many Anglo-Saxons to be the most ancient bowed instrument. It was mentioned by Venantius Fortunatus Bishop of Poitiers, circa 609; was pictured in mediaeval MSS. and maintained itself in Wales until the beginning of the last century. A square body, with a curved projection from the top, carries four strings, running over a bridge and true finger board, and two free strings on the right side (as held in playing). The first are played with a bow, the second are manipulated with the thumb of the left hand. There were two systems of tuning—g-g' (free strings)-c'-c''-d'd'' (bowed) or a-a'; e-e''; b'-b''. This is a reproduction, as originals cannot be obtained.
8Length, 55 cm.; width, 19.7 to 15.6 cm.; depth, 3 to 2 cm.
101271. TRUMSCHEIT (Eng. Trumpet Marine; Fr. Trompette marine; Ital. Tromba marina) ………………………………………Germany
11Long tapering body with flat sides. Two circular sound-holes in belly. When the single thick gut string is correctly bowed, an harmonic of trumpet tone-quality is produced. The assumption that the name came from its use at sea has no evidence in its support. More probable is the explanation given by Galpin (p. 98), that it was named after Marin, a celebrated trumpeter of the century (the 15th) in which the shaking bridge was introduced. This trembling or shaking bridge seems to be responsible for the trumpet-toned harmonics, but how this effect is produced is a question which still remains unanswered. This example is of the seventeenth century.
12Length, 167 cm.; width of base, 22 cm.; depth, 10.5 cm.
141272. TRUMSCHEIT. Seventeenth century ……………………….Germany
15Similar to the preceding, but without sound-holes.
16Length, 165 cm.; width of base, 22 cm.; depth, 12.5 cm.
181273. TROMBA MARINA. Seventeenth century ……………………….Italy
19Body with rounded back, elaborately inlaid. The peg-box terminates in a carving of a satyr's head.
20Length, 124 cm.; width of base, 15.5 cm.; depth, 9 cm.
221 The name Tromba Mariana, "The Virgin's Trumpet" (Ger. Nonnengeige), based on its use by nuns for playing trumpet parts, and quite generally accepted, is questioned by Galpin, p. 98.
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