Books › Crown encyclopedia and gazetteer, 1903 › scan 142
Scan 142
Crown encyclopedia and gazetteer, 1903
14 lines. Read by computer on 19 September 2026. Printed page 2568. See the scan on archive.org.
1tives. The most famous of the Norse explorers, however, was Thorfinn Karlsefne, an Icelander, who had married Gudrid, widow of Thorstein, a son of Eric the Red, and who in 1007 sailed from Greenland to Vinland with a crew of 160 men, where he remained for three years, and then returned, after which no further attempts at colonization were made. Rafn, in his "Antiquitates Americanae," published the first full collection of the evidence which proves the pre-Columbian colonization of America. Both he and Finn Magnusen labor to show that Columbus derived his first hints of a new world from the accounts of these old Icelandic expeditions. Finn Magnusen is believed to have established the fact that Columbus did visit Iceland in 1477, 15 years before he undertook his expedition across the Atlantic, and so may have heard something of the long-abandoned Vinland.
3Vinton, Arthur Dudley, an American lawyer; born in Brooklyn, N. Y., Dec. 23, 1852; received an academic education and was graduated at the Columbia Law School in 1873. He was the inventor of the automatic railway signal, for which he received a patent in 1898. Afterward he served for a time as managing editor of the "North American Review," and then resumed the practice of law.
5Vinton, Francis, an American clergyman; born in Providence, R. I., Aug. 20, 1809; was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1830. He resigned from the army in 1836, and studied at the General Theological Seminary; was ordained in the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1839; rector of several large churches, including Trinity Church, New York city, which he served in 1855-1872; defeated for bishop of New York in 1852 by one vote. He became Professor of Ecclesiastical Law and Polity at the General Theological Seminary in 1869. He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1872.
7Vinton, Francis Laurens, an American military officer; born in Fort Preble, Me., June 1, 1835; was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1856. When the Civil War broke out he became a captain in the 16th United States Infantry, and later was made colonel of the 43d New York Volunteers. He participated in the Peninsular campaign; was wounded at the action before Fredericksburg; promoted Brigadier-General of volunteers in March, 1863; and was forced to resign in the following May owing to his wound. He was Professor of Engineering in Columbia College in 1864-1877. He died in Leadville, Col., Oct. 6, 1879.
9Viol, in music, a stringed instrument a little larger than the violin; it was furnished with five or six strings, had a fretted finger board, and was played with a bow. The viol is found depicted in MSS. as early as the 11th century. In France, Germany, and Italy the number of the strings varied between three and six. The treble viol was somewhat larger than the violin, and the music for it was written in the treble clef; the mean (or tenor) viol was about the same length and breadth as the modern tenor violin, but was thicker in the body; its music was written in the C clef. The bass viol was much about the same size as the violoncello and the music for it was written in the bass clef.
11Violet, in botany, low herbs, more rarely shrubs, with radical or alternate leaves or flowers. Known species 100; from temperate countries. Five of the most familiar are native in temperate America and Europe: the sweet, the hairy, Gerard's or the dog violet; and the pansy violet, pansy, or heart's-ease.
13Violin (diminutive from viol), the smallest but most important of the stringed musical instruments played with the bow. Like other bow instruments now in use, it consists of a wooden sonorous chest, formed of two slightly arched surfaces, known as the back and belly, united by sides or ribs, and with a curve or hollow on each side in the middle of the length; a neck or finger-board attached to the chest; and strings fastened at one end to the belly by a tailpiece or projection of wood, and at the other by turning pins at the head or extremity of the neck, by which they can be tightened or loosened at pleasure. The strings thus passing over the belly are
The computer misreads some letters and numbers. Where a name matters to you, read the scan.