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Scan 28
Dictionary of music, 1900
24 lines. Read by computer on 3 September 2026. Printed page 20. See the scan on archive.org.
1industry: he was self-taught, and became an excellent bassoon player; in 1810, bassoon professor at the Cologne Music-school; 1812, bassoon player in the theatre orchestra at Frankfort. During the second French campaign (1815) he was bandmaster in the 3rd Militia Regiment, 1816 in the 34th Regiment of the line at Mayence, where he settled permanently and gave up the military career. He held frequent intercourse there with Gottfried Weber. In 1820 he established a manufactory for wind instruments, but gave up the same in 1822, and entered into the Nassau Band at Biebrich, superintending, at the same time, the construction of bassoons in the Schott manufactory of instruments at Mayence. A. materially improved the bassoon, and wrote a pamphlet on the subject; he also wrote a method for the bassoon, and composed concertos, phantasias, etc., for bassoon with strings, also some vocal pieces, among which the popular ballad, "Des Hauses letzte Stunde."
3Alphabet, musical. (See Letter Notation.)
5Alpharabius. (See Alfarabi.)
7Alphorn (Alpenhorn), a somewhat primitive, ancient wind instrument used by shepherds in the Alps, from 5 to 6 feet long, with conical tube composed of staff-wood, and provided with a mouthpiece made of hard wood.
9Alquen, Peter Cornelius Johann d', b. 1795, Arnsberg, Westphalia, d. Nov. 27, 1863, Mülheim-on-Rhine; studied medicine in Berlin, and music under Klein and Zelter, but while practising as doctor at Mülheim, turned specially to composition, and became popular through his songs. His younger brother, Friedrich A. E., b. 1810, d. June 18, 1887, London, was destined for the law (Dr. Jur.), but was trained under Ferd. Ries as a violinist, and settled in Brussels in 1827 as a teacher of music. He went to London in 1830, where he published various works for pianoforte and violin.
11Alschalabi, Mohammed, Spanish Arabian, wrote a work at the beginning of the 15th century on the musical instruments of his time; the manuscript is at the Escurial.
13Alsleben, Julius, b. March 24, 1832, Berlin, studied Oriental languages there, took his degree at Kiel, but then devoted himself entirely to music. For his knowledge of pianoforte playing he was indebted to Leuchtenberg and Zech, for theory to S. Dehn. After making successful appearances as pianist in various concerts, he developed great activity as a teacher of the pianoforte, was conductor of various societies, and since 1865 has been president of the Berlin "Tonkünstlerverein" and one of the founders and also president of the "Musiklehrerverein" (1879). In 1872 he received the title of Professor. A. is a contributor to several musical papers; he edited from 1874, for several years, the musical paper "Harmonie," and published "Zwölf Vorlesungen über Musikgeschichte," "Licht- und Wendepunkte in der Entwicklung der Musik" (1880).
15Alstedt, Joh. Heinr., b. 1588, Herborn (Nassau), professor of theology and philology there, and later at Weissenburg (Siebenbürgen), where he died in 1638. He wrote much about music in his "Encyklopädie der gesammten Wissenschaften" (1610), published also an "Elementale mathematicum" (1611), of which the section "Elementale musicum" has been separately translated into English (1644, by J. Birchensha); he also touched on music in the 8th part of his "Admiranda mathematica" (1613).
17Altenburg, (1) Michael, b. May 27, 1584, Alach, near Erfurt, as the son of a well-to-do blacksmith, from 1600 was active as teacher in various posts; 1611 pastor in Tröchtelborn, and 1621 in Gross-Sömmerda. He escaped from the dangers of war to Erfurt, became deacon there, and died Feb. 12, 1640. A. was a prolific and esteemed church-composer. Especially worthy of mention are his Church- and Home-Songs, his Festival-Songs, and his Intrade for violin, lute, etc., with a chorale as Cantus firmus.—(2) Joh. Ernst, b. 1734, Weissenfels, d. 1796 as organist in Bitterfeld, a celebrated virtuoso on the trumpet and field trumpeter during the Seven Years' War. He published a kind of instrumental instruction book for trumpets and drums: "Anleitung zur heroisch-musikalischen Trompeter- und Pauken-Kunst" (1795).
19Alteration, in mensural notation, a doubling of the time of duration of the second of two notes of the same kind (two breves or two semibreves), which took place when Ternary Rhythm was indicated by notes of the nearest greater species: the two notes stood either between two such greater ones (e.g. two Breves between two Longs), or were divided by a punctum divisionis from the following equal or smaller ones. Thus in Perfect Time (Tempus perfectum O) the succession o o o o would mean (in modern notation, with values reduced by one half).
21Alterato (Ital.), Altéré (Fr.), altered in pitch, raised or lowered a semitone.
23Altered Chords are those dissonances (q.v.) which arise through the chromatic raising or lowering of a note of a major or minor chord, especially of the augmented triad c, e, g# produced by raising the fifth of the major chord, or a♭, c, e produced by lowering the fundamental note of the minor chord, and of the augmented chord of six-four (g♭, c, e = c, e, g♭) and the augmented chord of six-three (c, e, a♯ = a♯, c, e), the former produced by lowering the fifth of the major chord, the latter by raising
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