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Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 1928
100 lines. Read by computer on 12 September 2026, twice; the two readings disagreed in places. Printed page 525. See the scan on archive.org.
1improved system, an Italian 17th-century three-stringed double-bass known as the giant, now in the Victoria and Albert Museum; it measures 103 inches in length. Similar giant basses have been made from time to time in all European countries, and John Geyer, a German-American, made one in 1889 4 1/2 metres in length.
3BIBLIOGRAPHY
5The following is a list of important works selected from an immense literature of the subject. The most essential are marked with an asterisk.
7ABELE, H.: Die Violine, ihre Geschichte und ihr Bau (Neuberg, 1864, 1874); translation by Geoffrey Alwyn. (London, 1905, Strad Library.)
8ARMSTRONG, R. B.: Musical Instruments (fine plates). (Edinburgh, 1904.)
9BECKMANN, G.: Das Violinspiel in Deutschland vor 1700. (Leipzig, 1918.)
10BOLTSHAUSER, H.: Geschichte der Geigenbaukunst in der Schweiz (Leipzig, 1923.)
11DAVIDSON, P.: The Violin. (Glasgow, 1871-81.)
12DRÖGEMEIER, A.: Die Geige. (Bremen, 1891, 1892, 1903.)
13DUBOURG, G.: The Violin. (London, 1836, 1878.)
14*ÉCOCHEVILLE, J.: Quelques documents sur la musique de la Grande Écurie du Roy, Int. Mus. Ges., Sammelbände, ii. (4), pp. 602-42.
15*EICHORN, DR. HERMANN: Zur Geschichte der Instrumentalmusik. (Leipzig, 1885.)
16ENGEL, CARL: Researches into the Early History of the Violin Family. (London, 1883.)
17*FÉTIS, F. J.: Antoine Stradivari (Paris, 1856); translation, J. Bishop (London, 1864.)
18FLEMING, J. M.: Old Violins. (London, 1883-90.)
19FOLEGGATTI, E.: Storio del violino. (Bologna, 1873-74.)
20GALLAY, J.: Les Luthiers italiens (Paris, 1869); Les Instruments des écoles italiens (Paris, 1872.)
21GONTERSHAUSEN, WELKER VON: Neues öfnetes Magazin musikalischer Tonwerkzeuge. (Frankfort.)
22*GRILLET, L.: Les Ancêtres du violon. 2 vols. (Paris, 1901.)
23*HART, G.: The Violin. (London, 1875, 1880, 1885, 1887.)
24HAWEIS, REV. H. R.: Old Violins and New. (Edinburgh, 1905.)
25*HERON-ALLEN, EDW.: Opuscula fidiculorum. The Ancestry of the Violin (London, 1892-90); De fidiculis opuscula (London, 1890-93.)
26*HILL, A. F.: Antonio Stradivari. (London, 1902.)
27LAWRENCIE, L. DE LA: L'École française du violon. 2 vols. (Paris, 1922, 1923.) one of two readings
28LAWRENCE, L. DE LA: L'École française du violon. 2 vols. (Paris, 1922, 1923.) one of two readings
29*LUTGENDORFF, FREIHERR W. L. VON: Die Geigen- und Lautenmacher vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart, 2 vols. (Frankfort, 1922); Die Geigen- und Lautenmacher von Mittenwald (Frankfo ., 1904
30*MERSENNE, MARIN: Harmonie universelle, vols. v.-vii. (Paris, 1636.)
31MORDRET, L.: La Lutherie artistique (Paris, 1889); Les Violons de Crémone (Rouen, 1894.)
32MORRIS, W. M.: British Violin Makers. (London, 1894.)
33MOSER, ANDREAS: Das Violino Piccolo, Zeitschr. f. Musikwissenschaft, Apr. 1919, pp. 377-80.
34NEF, C.: Zur Geschichte der deutschen Instrumentalmusik, Int. Mus. Ges. Beihet 5. (Leipzig, 1902.)
35NIEDERHEITMANN, F.: Cremona, 6th ed. (Leipzig, 1922); translation (London, 1894).
36PETONG, DR. R.: The Arts and Crafts Book of the Worshipful Guild of Violinmakers of Markneukirchen from the year 1677 to the year 1772, translated and edited by Edw. and Marianne Heron-Allen. (London, 1894.)
37PETHERICK, H.: Joseph Guarnerius (London, 1906); Antonio Stradivarius (London, 1900).
38*POUGIN, A.: Les Violinistes et la musique de violon du XVIIe au XVIIIe siècle. (Paris, 1924.) one of two readings
39*POUGIN, A.: Les Violinistes et la musique de violon du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle. (Paris, 1924.) one of two readings
40*PRAETORIUS, M.: De organographia (Syntagma musicum, part II.) (Wolfenbüttel, 1618-19); Syntagma musicum, 4 tom. (Wittenberg, 1615-19); Theatrum instrumentorum (Wolfenbüttel, 1620).
41RETBERG, R. VON: Zur Geschichte der Musikinstrumente. (Nürnberg, 1860.)
42*RUKLMMAN, JULIUS: Zur Geschichte der Bogeninstrumente (with Atlas). (Braunschweig, 1882.)
43SANDYS, WM., and FORSTER, S. A.: History of the Violin. (London, 1864.)
44*SCHLESINGER, KATHLEEN: The Precursors of the Modern Violin Family (London, 1896); Modern Orchestral Instruments (London, 1898).
45STAINER, C.: A Dictionary of Violin Makers. (London, Novello's Music Primers.)
46TOLBECQUE, A.: Notice historique sur les instruments à cordes et à archet. (Paris, 1898.)
47*VALDRIGHI, COUNT L. F.: Nomocheliurgografia (Modena, 1884-94); Capelle, concerti e musiche di casa d'Este (Modena, 1884).
48*VIDAL, A.: Les Instruments à archet. (Paris, 1876-78.)
49*WASIELEWSKI, W. VON: Die Violine, 6th ed. (Leipzig, 1920); *Die Violine im 17. Jahrhundert (Leipzig, 1904).
50WHITE, A. W.: The Violin. (Boston, Mass., 1892.)
52Technical—
53COURVOISIER, C.: Technics of Violin Playing (London, 1906); German ed., Die Violin-Technik (Cologne, 1878).
54THISTLETON, F.: The Art of Violin Playing. (London, 1924 (?)).
56Viola—
57*STRAETEN, E. VAN DER: The Viola (History and Literature). (London, The Strad, 1912-May 1916.)
58ADEMA, E.: Hermann Ritter und seine Viola Alta. (Würzburg, 1881.)
59*RITTER, H.: Die Geschichte der Viola. (Leipzig, 1877.)
61Violoncello—
62Anon. (WM. ENGEL): Violoncellisten der Gegenwart. (Hamburg, 1903.)
63FORINO, L.: Il violoncello. (Milan, 1905.)
64LIÈGEOIS, C. ET E. NOGUÉ: Le Violoncelle. (Paris.)
65*STRAETEN, E. VAN DER: Violoncello Technics. 4th ed. (1924); The History of the Violoncello (London, 1916).
66VALDING, M., and M. MERSEBURGER: Das Violoncello. (Leipzig, 1920.)
67*WASIELEWSKI, W. VON: Das Violoncell (Leipzig); translation by J. S. E. Stigand (London, 1894).
69Double-bass—
70WHITE, A. CHS.: The Double-Bass (London); Novello's Music Primers, Nos. 32 and 32a.
71APPIAN-BENNEWITZ, P. O.: Die Geige, etc. (Weimar, 1892.)
73Violin Making—
74*BACHMANN, O.: Theoretisch-praktisches Handbuch des Geigenbaues. (Quedlinburg, 1835.)
75BAGATELLA, A.: Regole per costruzione di violini (Padua, 1786, 1883); extracts with diagrams in Abele, The Violin.
76BEVAN, G. P., and RIMBAULT, E.: Musical Instruments. British Manufacturing Industries. (London, 1876.)
77COVENTRY, W. B.: Notes on the Construction of the Violin. (London, 1903.)
78FOUCHER, G.: Treatise on the History and Construction of the Violin. (London, 1897.)
79HEPWORTH, W.: Information for Players, Owners, Dealers and Makers of Bow Instruments. (London, 1899.)
80*HERON-ALLEN, EDW.: Violin Making as it was and is (London, 1884-1900); *The Violin Makers of Markneukirchen (London, 1894).
81MANGIN, J. C., and A. W. MAIGNE: Manuel du luthier (Paris, 1834, 1869, 1894.)
82MAYSON, W. H.: Violin Making. (London, 1902.)
83MIGGE, O.: Das Geheimniss der berühmten italienischen Geigenbauer. (Frankfort, 1894.)
84*OTTO, J. A.: Über den Bau und die Erhaltung der Geige (Halle, 1817); *Über den Bau der Bogeninstrumente (Jena, 1828, 1873, 1886); translations (London, 1833, 1848, 1860, 1875).
85*SIBIRE, A.: La Chélomanie. (Bruxelles, 1885.) one of two readings
86*SIBIRE, A.: La Chélonomie. (Bruxelles, 1885.) one of two readings
87SIMOUTRE, N. E.: Historique et la construction du violon. (Bâle, 1883.)
88TOLBECQUE, A.: Quelques considérations sur la lutherie. (Paris, 1890.)
89*VIDAL, A.: La Lutherie et les luthiers. (Paris, 1889.)
90WETTENGEL, G. A.: Lehrbuch der Anfertigung, etc., von italienischen und deutschen Geigen. (Ilmenau, 1828; Weimar, 1869.) one of two readings
91WETTENGL, G. A.: Lehrbuch der Anfertigung, etc., von italienischen und deutschen Geigen. (Ilmenau, 1828; Weimar, 1869.) one of two readings
92YOUSSOUPOFF, N.: Lutomonographie. (Frankfort, 1856.)
93Zeitschrift für Instrumentenbau, ed. Paul de Wit. (Leipzig, 1880.)
95E. v. d. S.
97VIOLINO PICCOLO, a violin of small size, usually tuned a fourth higher than the ordinary violin, its open strings being an octave above those of the viola.
99Among the thirty-six musical instruments employed by Claudio Monteverdi in the orchestra of his opera 'Orfeo,' published in 1609, and reissued in 1615, the score includes Piccoli Violini alla Francese. This title, written by an Italian, has caused a slight confusion as to the nationality of the violin proper, and at the same time given credence to a conjecture that the violin was a French invention. Naturally the correctness of the surmise rests upon the kind of instrument Monteverdi intended to designate by the appellation Piccolo Violino. The directions given in the published score of 'Orfeo' indicate that the composer introduced several instruments into the orchestra solely for the purpose of imparting greater dramatic power and contrast than had hitherto been attained. Bearing this in mind—also the facts that Monteverdi was himself an Italian, that he lived in his native country where violins were being made by Gasparo da Salò more than forty years previous to the composition of 'Orfeo,' and that no French violin-maker or violinist is on record at this date—it is more than probable that the Piccoli Violini alla Francese indicated were none other than the POCHETTE (q.v.) (see also KIT), which 17th-century French dandies and dancing-masters were accustomed to carry in their pockets to
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