Scan 111
How to make a violin. And Violin notes by Ole Bull, 1900
2 lines. Read by computer on 3 September 2026. Printed page 97. See the scan on archive.org.
1carving or painted arabesque. The old, soft, badly wearing varnish no longer sufficed for protection and covering of such surfaces; hence the new processes, and, for such utilitarian purposes, superior results. The hard copal gums, hitherto undissolvable, or only partially so, were found to yield entirely upon proper heating and fusion. In 1750 a patent, covering a period of twenty-five years, was granted by the King of France to one Simon Martin, a fan painter, for the process of making varnish from amber, by driving off the succinic acid by means of heat, and the subsequent combination of the residue with oil. From that day to the present, various improvements in this art have gone on uninterruptedly. The field of discovery, the gates to which were opened by such pioneers as Simon Martin, being once entered, the problem of durability, hardness and unchangeableness was soon solved. But with the laying aside of the old recipes, the Italian varnish became a lost art. The knowledge of its composition, naturally confined to the general manufac-
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