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Scan 63
Pronouncing dictionary and condensed encyclopedia of musical terms, instruments, composers and important works, 1880
64 lines. Read by computer on 15 September 2026. Printed page 59. See the scan on archive.org.
1Rameau, Jean Philippe (rä-mō'), a celebrated French composer and theorist, was born 1683 in Dijon. Educated at a Jesuit college. Appeared as writer of theoretical works in 1722, and ten years later as an opera composer. Died 1764.
3Rans des Vaches (Fr. rānh dē vāsh). Pastoral airs played by the Swiss herdsmen to assemble the cattle together for the return home.
5Rapidamente (Ital. rä-pē-dä-män'-tē). Rapidly.
7Rapido (Ital. rä-pē-dō). Rapid.
9Rappoldi, E. (rāp-pōl'-dē), one of the best violinists of the present, was born in Vienna, Feb. 22, 1839. Is concertmeister of the Royal Opera at Berlin.
11Rathberger, Valentine, a prolific old church composer, a Benedictine monk, born 1690.
13Ratio, relation. The relation of the rate of vibrations in tones.
15Rauzzini, Venanzio (roud-zē'-nē), an Italian singer and composer of operas, born at Rome 1747-1810.
17Ravenscroft, Thomas, professor of music at Oxford, and one of the earliest English composers of psalmody, was born 1590. Died 1635.
19Ravina, Jean Henri (rä-vē-nä), pianist and composer, was born at Bordeaux, May 20, 1818. Studied in the Conservatoire, and distinguished himself as a composer of salon pieces. Died 1862.
21Re (Ital. rā). The second syllable in solmization. In French, the pitch D.
23Rebec. A Moorish word signifying an instrument with two strings, played on with a bow. The Moors brought the Rebec into Spain, whence it passed into Italy, and after the addition of a third string obtained the name of Rebecca, whence the old English Rebec, or fiddle with three strings.
25Rebel, François, a French opera composer, 1701-1775.
27Recherche (Fr. rē-shēr-shā'). Rare, affected, formal.
29Rechte Hande (Ger. rēhktē händ'). Right hand.
31Recitative (rēc-ī-tā-teev'). A musical declamation. See Chapter XXXVIII.
33Redern, Count von Fr. Wilhelm, Prussian general intendant of the opera, and composer of occasional pieces, was born 1802 in Berlin.
35Reduciren, to reduce, or arrange a full instrumental score for a smaller band, or for the piano-forte or organ.
37Reed, a contrivance for procuring vibrations. The free reed consists of a socket and a thin vibrating slip of brass fastened to it at one end, the other end swinging completely through the opening in the socket at each vibration. Used in accordions, concertinas, reed organs, harmoniums, and "free reed" stops in the organ. Impinging or striking reeds, consist of a steel socket with a triangular opening, and a vibrating brass tongue, which strikes against the socket in vibrating, and does not pass through, thus alternately opening and closing the pipe. Used in reed stops of the organ generally. The reed of oboe and bassoon consists of two thin slips of reed (woody fibre), closely approximated, which alternately close and open when blown through. The clarinet reed consists of a slip, or tongue of reed vibrating against the wooden socket, and is, therefore, an impinging reed. The harmonics of a reed are similar to those of a string, hence reed instruments take the place of strings in military bands.
39Reed, Daniel, one of the old American psalmodyists, published his first book, "The Columbian Harmony," in 1793. The music was illiterate.
41Reeve, William, a successful English composer of musical dramatic pieces, and teacher of music, lived in London. Born 1757. Composed sixteen comic operas.
43Reeves, Sims, the great tenor, was born at Woolwich, 1821, made his debut about 1840, after serious studies in London and Italy, and has since held highest rank among operatic and oratorio tenors. His son has in 1880 made a promising debut as tenor.
45Recreation, a composition of attractive style, designed to relieve the tediousness of practice; an amusement.
47Redowa (rēd-ō-wā). A Bohemian dance in 2-4 and 3-4 time, alternately.
49Refrain, the burden of a song, a ritornel; a repeat. See Burden.
51Regel (Ger. rāg-ēl). A rule.
53Register, an organ stop.
55Registration, the art of changing and combining stops so as to produce a musical effect in organ playing.
57Regnard, Francis, Jacob, Paschalius and Carolo, four brothers, of Douay, in Flanders. They lived in the 16th century. Jacob and Francis left many compositions, especially the former, who was kapellmeister at Prague.
59Rehearsal (rē-hēr-sāl). A trial, or practice, previous to a public performance.
61Reicha, Joseph, 1746-1795. A distinguished violinist and composer of Prague. He left many compositions.
63Reicha, Anton, 1770-1836, nephew of Joseph. A distinguished composer and theorist, also born in Prague. He lived for some years in Vienna, in the society of Haydn, Albrechtsberger, Salieri and Beethoven. The last twenty-eight years of his life he spent in Paris, where he was professor of counterpoint at the Conservatory. He wrote symphonies and overtures, and a great deal of chamber music. His first important publication dealing with the theory of music consisted in "36 fugues for the piano-forte, written on a new system." This new system consisted in answering the theme on every degree of the scale, instead of on the dominant. But as this principle is destructive of tonality, it failed to attain favor among musicians. He published works on melody, on harmony, and on composition, which were much used both in France and in Germany. He failed in his attempts at dramatic composition, but succeeded as an instrumental composer, and was universally respected as a learned and able musician, and a skillful teacher.
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