Scan 347
The American history and encyclopedia of music .., 1908
10 lines. Read by computer on 7 September 2026. No printed page number was found. See the scan on archive.org.
1ducing tones of penetrating quality, and the depth of the tones of the lower strings can be almost tragic in effect. Lavignac says that its range of sentiment runs from sad reverie to agonized pathos.
3Its voice formerly was more powerful than it is now, and in 1597, in the first piece in which it was scored, one viola was united with six trumpets and a zinken. Wagner has given the violas a bacchanalian passage in Tannhäuser; Gluck in one instance allows them to carry a bass accompaniment to the first violins, and Berlioz, in Harold in Italie, gives the viola the plaintive melody that characterizes the thoughtful hero.
5VIOLA BASTARDA, LYRA VIOL—Bowed Strings. Europe. This instrument received its first name from the fact that it was too large for a tenor and too small for a bass in the chest of viols, having in consequence no legitimate part in the music of that day. Some of the older writers refer to it as the "contralto." John Playford (1661) is said to be authority for the statement that one Daniel Farunt was the inventor of the lyra viol by which name the instrument was known in England in the early part of the Seventeenth Century. He also speaks of it as a "viol da gamba" strung with lute strings and wire strings, the one above the other, in other words with sympathetic strings. Even in his day the viola bastarda was falling into disuse, to be replaced by the baryton. See baryton.
7VIOLA DA BRACCIO—Bowed Strings. Europe. An alto or small tenor viol. It was called an arm viol because of the manner of playing, although this title is sometimes restricted to the violin form of the bowed instruments. This viol is often confused with the viola da spalla. It had six strings as a usual thing, but in the Eighteenth Century the sixth string was discarded, this being a step toward the tenor violin. See viol.
9VIOLA DA GAMBA—Bowed Strings. Europe. The name means leg viol and refers to the fact that owing to the size of the instrument, it was held between the knees while
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