Scan 151
The American history and encyclopedia of music .., 1908
18 lines. Read by computer on 11 September 2026. Printed page 115. See the scan on archive.org.
1of the degree upon which the note is placed. Originally the flat was a clef, applied to B only, in the way just indicated.
3A SHARP (#) is a sign put before any note to indicate that the pitch of the tone desired is a half-step above that of the degree upon which the note is placed.
5A double-flat (bb) indicates that the tone desired is a whole-step below that of the degree on which the note is placed. A double-sharp (x) indicates that the tone desired is a whole-step above that of the degree on which the note is placed.
7All of these signs are called CHROMATIC signs.
9[NOTE.—It is inaccurate to say that these signs raise or lower the tone. Each tone has its own pitch. The proper statement is that the chromatic sign serves to notate another tone in the place of that to which the note would naturally have referred.]
11A NATURAL, or CANCEL, (h) is a sign put before a note to indicate that the effect of a previous chromatic sign is annulled,—the tone required is that of the unaltered staff-degree.
13Partial cancels of the double-flat are written bb; of the double-sharp are written ##.
15The OCTAVE is the relationship in pitch between any tone and the thirteenth tone above it, or below it. The tones at the octave have the same letter name. This use of the same name is in recognition of the fact that each of the tones seems physically to be repeating the effect of the lower or higher one.
17Within the octave twelve different pitches, a half-step apart from each other, are utilized. With the help of the chromatic signs these twelve tones may be notated in thirty-five different ways. Thus the tone lying between D and E
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