Scan 56
The American history and encyclopedia of music .., 1908
8 lines. Read by computer on 11 September 2026. Printed page 32. See the scan on archive.org.
1stant retention of the bow on the string without regard to phrasing. This becomes a constant deterrent on the development of bowing. One of the most important problems is to counteract this inertness of the right hand.
3THREE DIVISIONS OF THE RIGHT ARM.—Difficulty arises in trying to use separately, or in conjunction, the three divisions of the right arm, the upper, lower and hand, according to needs. The lower arm, from the elbow down, is not used enough. The playing allotted to this section of the arm is most often done in the middle of the bow with the elbow in a locked condition, and the upper arm making faulty backward movements in place of downward ones by the lower arm. The upper arm is brought into play only on approximately the lower third of the bow and, of course, in the crossing of the strings.
5In place of commencing with the legato stroke, it is better to begin with the martelé or, to be more exact, the détaché stroke done the full length of the bow with the entire arm. In the effort to draw the bow to the end, the tendency is to draw the arm back, this going so far as to cause a locking of the elbow, both of which are to be avoided. Instead, a hand extension is advocated as a means for connecting strokes.
7This lateral hand extension, or wrist stroke, is more easily obtained in conjunction with the release of the thumb, i. e., taking the thumb from the bow and permitting the latter to rest in the palm of the hand. This hand extension, later on, must be accomplished with the thumb in position. Taking out the thumb brings relaxation and incidental wrist movement which is of the utmost importance to all bowings. Hand extension, in martelé or in legato, is the safety valve against stiffness of the arm. The hand extension on one string must be lateral (in the same plane), and not up and down. Taken in connection with the crossing of the strings, an elliptical movement results, being a combination of lateral and up and down motion.
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