Scan 164
The American history and encyclopedia of music, 1908
57 lines. Read by computer on 11 September 2026. Printed page 141. See the scan on archive.org.
1courtaud
2ment consisting of a wooden tube and fitted with a double reed mouthpiece. In reality a short bassoon.
4covered
5An adjective used with several different meanings according to the noun it modifies.
61. Covered strings are strings of silk, wire or gut wound by fine silver or copper wire.
72. Covered octaves are those notes of one part, which are sung in octaves with another part and which are for the time wasted as they lose their power of forming any distinct melody, or of adding any real contribution to the harmony.
9covered octaves
10Imagined octaves; that is, the octaves are not really sounded on the instrument, nor do they appear in the printed music, but as the harmony moves from one chord to the next the ear supplies some of the intervening notes, and these imagined notes form octaves in themselves or with some that are actually sounded. For example, strike a' and f'' together on the piano, then strike the octave d'-d'' The actual sounds produced are the harmony a'-f'', and then the harmony d'-d'', but the ear supplies the downward steps, and hears between the upper notes f'' and d'' of the two harmonies, the note e''; and it supplies between a' and d', the lower notes of the two harmonies, the downward steps g', f' and e', and the e'' at the top, and the e' below, which the ear unconsciously supplies, form a covered or hidden octave. Covered octaves are forbidden in modern harmony.
12crackle
13In lute playing to produce chords brokenly, that is, one note at a time instead of simultaneously.
15cracoviak (krä-kō-vĭ-äk) Pol. n.
16A circular Polish dance accompanied by songs improvised during the pauses of the dance. This song may be flattering or otherwise and is begun by the man of the head couple to his partner.
17The tinkling of brass and silver rings attached to the dancer's belt or the clank of iron bound boots enlivens the performance. In the mountains this becomes a very vigorous dance and many feats of skill and agility are added. Cracoviak is sometimes called cracovienne.
19crepitaculum
20cran (krāñ) Fr. n.
21A notch: a notch into which the pedal of a harp is hitched.
23creanluidh (krän'-loo-ē) Scotch n.
24In the pibroch, the highest form of bagpipe music, the creanluidh is the quick movement that concludes the composition.
26create, to
271. To compose music on new and original material.
282. To present a role for the first time in public.
30crécelle (krā-sēl') Fr. n.
31A rattle.
33credo (crē-dō) Lat. v.
34I believe. This is the third part or movement in mass of the Roman Catholic Church.
36crembala
37An ancient instrument similar to castanets, and used as an accompaniment by female dancers or singers.
39crembalum
40A jew's-harp: a small brass or steel instrument shaped somewhat like a lyre and consisting of a rigid frame and a thin vibrating metal tongue. When it is played the frame is held between the teeth and the tongue of metal is plucked by the fingers, the loudness and pitch of the tones being determined by the air space of the mouth.
42Cremona (krā-mō'-nä) It. n.
431. A town on the river Po. in Lombardy, famous for the fine violins made there during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Hence, a violin made in this place is now known as a Cremona violin.
442. A name given to an organ and doubtless a corruption of the German Krummhorn. The pipes are fitted with reeds for producing the tones which somewhat resemble those of the clarinet.
46cremona stop
47Name given to a reed organ stop, a corruption of the word Krummhorn, the name of an organ stop.
49cremonese violins
50The name applied to fine violins made in Cremona, Italy, by one of the famous makers: Amati, Guarnerius and Stradivarius.
52cremorn
53An Anglicized form of the German Krummhorn.
55crepitaculum (krēp-ĭ-tăk'-ū-lŭm) Eng. n. from the Lat.
56A timbrel, a rattle: an ancient in-
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