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Scan 471
The crown encyclopedia and gazetteer, 1903
16 lines. Read by computer on 19 September 2026. Printed page 2289. See the scan on archive.org.
1Strabo, a noted geographer; born in Amasea, Pontus, about 63 B. c. He seems to have been possessed of ample means which he expended on travel, the results of which, after a lifetime's toil, he has bequeathed to us in his "Geography." But he also devoted himself to philosophy, and is cited by Plutarch (Lucullus 28, Sulla 26) as Strabo, the philosopher. His work entitled "Historica Hypomnemata" in 43 books is supposed to have contained a narrative of the events from the close of the "History" of Polybius to the battle of Actium. His geography in seventeen books has been preserved entire with the exception of the seventh book of which there is only an epitome. The first two books are introductory, the next ten treat of Europe, the four following of Asia, and the last of Africa.
3Stradivari, Antonio (Stradivarius), an Italian violin maker; born in Cremona, Italy, about 1649. He was a pupil of Nicolo Amati, in whose employment he remained till 1700, when he began making on his own account. It was he who settled the typical pattern of the Cremona violin, and his instruments, for tone and finish, have never yet been excelled. He died in Cremona Dec. 17, 1737.
5Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of, an English statesman, the eldest son of Sir William Wentworth; born in London, April 13, 1593. He sat in Parliament for Yorkshire for a number of years, and when Charles I. asserted that the Commons enjoyed no rights but by royal permission, he was strongly opposed by Sir Thomas Wentworth. In 1628 he was successively created Baron Wentworth, privy-councillor, and President of the North. Archbishop Laud selected him to proceed to Ireland as lord deputy in 1632. Here he greatly improved the state of the country, both as regarded law, revenue, and trade. For these services he was created Earl of Strafford. When the Long Parliament met, the very first movement of the party opposed to arbitrary power was to impeach Strafford of high treason. His defense, however, was so strong that the original impeachment was deserted for a bill of attainder. The bill passed the Commons by a great majority, and was feebly supported by the House of Lords. The king endeavored to secure his safety, but yielded to the advice of his counsellors, backed by a letter from Strafford himself, who urged him, for his own safety, to ratify the bill. Strafford was accordingly beheaded on Tower Hill May 12, 1641.
7Straight-out Democrats, a political party which arose in the United States in 1872, their distinguishing tenet being that governments should be limited to police functions.
9Strangles, a disease attacking horses, generally between the ages of three and five years. It consists of an abscess, which occurs between the branches of the lower jaw. It is considered contagious. The name is also applied to a similar infectious disease in swine.
11Strangling Bug, a large water bug, which made its appearance in New Jersey and other places in the summer of 1898. It was given the name of "strangling bug" from its tendency to fasten its hooked claws into the neck of its victim.
13Strangulation, an act of violence in which constriction is applied directly to the neck, either around it or in the forepart, in such a way as to destroy life. This definition obviously includes hanging, which differs from other forms of strangulation only in that the body is suspended. The direct cause of death in the great majority of cases is arrest of the respiration owing to pressure on the windpipe—i. e., asphyxia. If much violence is used, death may be produced by direct injury to the upper part of the spinal cord from fracture or dislocation of the cervical vertebrae (as is now the rule in execution by hanging), or by syncope from shock, and in such cases must be almost instantaneous; on the other hand, if constriction is so applied as to compress the great vessels in the neck and not the windpipe, as may happen in "garotting," it is due to coma, and is somewhat slower than in cases of asphyxia. Or if both vessels and windpipe are compressed, coma and asphyxia may both contribute to cause death.
15Strassburg, a town and fortress of Germany, in Alsace; capital of the ter-
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