Books › The New twentieth century cyclopaedia and dictionary; biography, history, art, science; dictionary and gazetteer of the world, 1903 › scan 34
Scan 34
The New twentieth century cyclopaedia and dictionary; biography, history, art, science; dictionary and gazetteer of the world, 1903
28 lines. Read by computer on 29 August 2026. Printed page 22. See the scan on archive.org.
1Boccherini (bok-ker-ē'nē), Luigi, an Italian composer of instrumental music, was born in 1740 at Lucca, died at Madrid 1805. His compositions consist of symphonies, sestets, quintets, quartets, trios, duets, and sonatas for the violin, violoncello, and pianoforte. He never composed anything for the theatre; and of church compositions we find but one, his Stabat Mater.
3Bochart (bo-shär), Samuel, French theologian and oriental scholar, born at Rouen 1599, died at Caen 1661, where he was Protestant clergyman. His chief works are his Geographia Sacra (1646), and his Hierozoicon, or treatise on the animals of the Bible (1663).
5Bochnia (boh'ni-a), a town of Austria, in Galicia, gov. of Lemberg, 25 miles E.S.E. of Cracow; extensive mines yielding gypsum, zinc, and rock-salt. Pop. 8501.
7Bochold (boh'olt), a town of Prussia, prov. of Westphalia, on the Aa; cotton-spinning and weaving, &c. Pop. 10,576.
9Bochum (boh'üm), a Prussian town, prov. of Westphalia, 5 miles E.N.E. of Essen; manufactories of iron, steel, hardwares, &c. Pop. 40,767.
11Bock, Bockbier, a variety of German beer made with more malt and less hops than ordinary German beer, and therefore sweeter and stronger.
13Bock'enheim (-hīm), town of Germany, forming almost a suburb of Hamburg; flourishing manufactures of machinery, &c. Pop. 17,457.
15Böckh (beuk), Philipp August, an eminent German classical antiquary, born at Carlsruhe 1785, died at Berlin 1867. He was educated at Carlsruhe and Halle, and obtained in 1811 the chair of ancient literature in the University of Berlin, where he remained for the rest of his life. He opened a new era in philology and archaeology by setting forth the principle that their study ought to be an historical method intended to reproduce the whole social and political life of any given people during a given period. Among his chief works are an edition of Pindar (1811–22); The Public Economy of the Athenians, 1817, translated into English and French; Investigations into the Weights, Coins, and Measures of Antiquity, 1838; and Documents concerning the Maritime Affairs of Attica, 1840. The great Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum was begun by him with the intention of giving in it every Greek inscription known in print or manuscript.
17Bocland, Bockland, or Book-land, one of the original English modes of tenure of manor-land which was held by a short and simple deed under certain rents and free services. This species of tenure has given rise to the modern freeholds.
19Bode (bo'de), John Elert, German astronomer, born 1747, died 1826. His best works are his Astronomical Almanac and his large Celestial Atlas (Himmelsatlas), giving a catalogue of 17,240 stars (12,000 more than in any former chart).—Bode's Law is the name given to an arithmetical formula, previously made known by Kepler and Titius of Wittenberg, expressing approximately the distances of the planets from the sun. It assumes the series 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, &c., each term after the second being double the preceding term; to each term 4 is added, producing the series 4, 7, 10, 14, 28, 56, 100, &c. These numbers are, with the exception of 28, roughly proportional to the distances between the planets and the sun. The law has no theoretical foundation.
21Boden-see. See Constance, Lake of.
23Bödenstedt (-stet), Friedrich Martin, German poet and miscellaneous writer, born in 1819. Having obtained an educational appointment at Tiflis he published a work on the peoples of the Caucasus (1848), and A Thousand and One Days in the East, which were very successful. In 1854 he was appointed professor of Slavic at Munich, and in 1858 was transferred to the chair of old English. He had since been a theatrical director at Meiningen, had travelled in the U. States, &c. Among the best of his poetical works are the Songs of Mirza-Schaffy, purporting to be translations from the Persian, but really original, which have passed through over 100 editions. He translated Shakspere's Sonnets, and in conjunction with other writers issued a new translation of Shakspere's works. He died in 1892.
25Bodin (bo-dan), Jean, a French political writer, born in 1530 or 1529, died 1596. He studied law at Toulouse, delivered lectures on jurisprudence there, and afterwards went to Paris and practised. His great work De la République (1576) has been characterized as the ablest and most remarkable treatise on the philosophy of government and legislation produced from the time of Aristotle to that of Montesquieu.
27Bodle, a copper coin formerly current in Scotland, of the value of two pennies Scots, or the sixth part of an English penny. The
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