Inside a source: the 1916 trade directory

American maker and repairer. Born in Massachusetts. Thirty-five years' professional experience. Connected with Musicians' Supply Company, Boston.

Deceased. American maker, 1838-1908, repairer, dealer and manufacturer of Albert G string. Inventor of Albert string gauge and a mute violin for practice. Well known not only in Philadelphia, where business was located, but throughout the United States, and did much toward putting violin trade in this country on solid and reliable basis.

Deceased. Son of preceding; died in 1915. Was associated in business with father, and expert winder in G strings. Both father and son exerted a wide influence on violin industry in the United States.

American, violins, cellos, bows, etc.

Manufacturers and distributors of Paganini Tone Ameliorant, made of oriental gums and refined by special process. Extensively used instead of rosin.

Importers and manufacturers of strings and accessories. Wound strings a specialty.

Manufacturers of gut strings for violin, cello, etc. Have introduced latest machinery for scraping, spinning, polishing, and preparing gut strings for viola and cello. Conducting continuously exhaustive chemical and physical experiments for further perfection and evenness of gut strings. Also are establishing newest machinery for winding G strings for violin, cello, etc.

Born and served apprenticeship in Denmark. Inventor of varnish. Output about 100 new instruments in last ten years. In charge of old violin department of Kohler & Chase.

Origin, as he stated it Denmark

Follows Joseph Guarnerius model, except as to arching, which is own.

American maker, of Russian ancestry. Learned trade of father, who was maker in Odessa. Output at present limited, is originator of various specialties in accessories.

Origin, as he stated it Russia

Maker and repairer of twenty years' experience.

Maker and repairer of European experience. Copies old Italian instruments.

Becker Chin Rest, Shoulder Rest, Pegs, Mutes. Manufacturer of Becker chin rests, shoulder rests, pegs and mutes.

American; born 1887; maker and repairer with fifteen years' experience; copyist of Strad and Guarneri in all respects but varnish.

American, 1864; formerly of Chicago; maker, repairer, dealer in bows, strings and various violin accessories. Employs special oil varnish. In practice follows the theory that 'if wood of violin vibrates harmoniously with strings and stopped tones, tone increases in volume and sweetness.' Violins golden brown; original archings and model, based on Strad and Guarnerius principles.

Son of Byron E. Beebe, and for seven years a pupil of his father. Copies the Italian masters, with individual archings and 'f' holes. Applies a clear, Italian peach red or amber brown varnish. Instruments are characterized by the manner in which the grain shows distinctly in the finished work.

Violin and bow maker; born in Germany; follows Stradivari and Amati models; varnish yellow, with red shading.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

Restorer of fine instruments; specializes in violins and harps. Born in Iowa in 1863. Established 1882. Importer, jobber and maker of harps, violins, strings and fittings. Harp industry of note.

Making since 1870; has experimented extensively with various hard woods for backs.

Manufacturer of the Blakeney Tone Rosin for violins and cello.

Repairer and remodeller of Norwegian birth and nationality. Twenty-five years' connection with trade.

Origin, as he stated it Norway

American maker, 1859; of French, English and German ancestry. Educated at the State University of Iowa. Studied violin construction and has been making violins for nearly two decades. Has made extensive and thorough investigation along lines of physical construction. Oil varnish, brownish yellow. Follows Guarnerius outline, but archings are entirely original. Instruments used and endorsed by artists of international reputation. A Blasier violin received highest markings at Convention of American Guild of Violinists, Chicago, 1915.

Born 1867. American of German descent. As a result of experiments and study undertaken in 1884 with a view of introducing improvements over usual methods of construction, founded a School of Violin Making, giving instruction by correspondence in the Bretch System. Author of booklet describing own system of construction. Numbers among students of his method some prominent American makers.

Deceased. Mr. Bronson was one of the leading repairers of old violins in the Middle West. Located in Grand Rapids for thirty years.

Manufacturers and importers' agents; musical instruments, strings, etc.

Importers and dealers (wholesale only) in musical instruments, old and new violins and bows. Modern repair department also maintained. Bruno artist violins, Heberlein Sachsen violins, etc.

American maker, repairer and dealer in new and old instruments. Born New England 1873. 1880-1910 with Elias Howe Company and Oliver Ditson Company. Since 1910 in business independently. Follows chiefly model of Guarnerius del Gesu. Perfected amber oil varnish. Violins used and recommended by well-known artists. Maker of 'Cremona Art' violin. Dealer in violin makers' supplies and tools.

Dealer and repairer. Repair department in charge of N. L. Thomas. Dealer in new and old violins and all trimmings for makers; strings and music; also all violin accessories.

Canadian. Makes violins on Guarneri model. Yellow brown varnish. Also maker of cellos, bows.

Importers and dealers (wholesale only) in musical merchandise, violin supplies trade.

American makers of English ancestry. Since beginning in 1882 output has been 500 violins, several violas and a few cellos.

Manufacturer of brass instruments, but maintaining violin and string winding department.

American maker and repairer of French, Scotch, and Irish descent. Connected with trade since 1894. In addition to new instruments specializes in revoicing and adjusting violins.

American maker, repairer and dealer in old and new violins, bows, cases and all accessories. The Copland violins follow the Guarnerius model generally (also Stradivarius), but have broader arching and bolder outline. Usual color brilliant red-brown or golden yellow.

American maker of forty years' standing; follows Strad and Guarnerius models; makes and uses amber oil varnish.

Inventors and manufacturers of Dahl Tailpiece, with diagonal string-end.

Violin maker and repairer. Learned trade with Mr. Alfred E. Hill in Mirecourt; later associated with H. C. Silvestre in Paris until 1893; now employed by R. S. Williams & Son Co., Ltd.

Origin, as he stated it France (apprenticed with Alfred E. Hill in Mirecourt; later with H. C. Silvestre in Paris)

American violin dealer, collector and inventor of a self-adjusting sound post and patentee of split bamboo violin bow.

French-Canadian maker, repairer and dealer in old violins; born 1869. Learned trade with father. No new instruments personally in last twelve years. Repairing a specialty.

Dealers in old and new violins, violas, cellos and all accessories.

American publishers and dealers; instrument dealers, importers, makers and government appraisers. Dealers in old and new violins, strings, bows, cases, and all violin accessories. Henry F. Schultz now in charge of making and repairing department.

For the past 22 years connected with the firm of John Friedrich & Bro., New York City, dealers in old violins. Well known as an expert judge of old violins and author of short articles relating to them. A violinist himself, his appraisal of an instrument is based not only on commercial and artistic, but also tonal values. The name is old in the annals of violin making, dating back to 1633 when one Hans Doring was pronounced citizen and geigemacher in Kassel.

Music store, with large violin sale and repair department.

German. Learned his trade in Markneukirchen. Has had forty years' experience in making and repairing. In charge of old violin repair department of Elias Howe Company.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

American maker of German descent. Connected with William Lewis & Son, of Chicago since 1904. Average annual output 34 new instruments. Follows Guarnerius outline and own ideas regarding arching and varnish.

Dealers in musical instruments for Southeastern States.

Maker, repairer and dealer, strings, etc. Twenty years' experience.

Maker, repairer and regraduater of violins. Developing new model.

Maker of special oil varnish.

American makers of violin silk E and A strings. Process developed 1904; improved 1914. Output under personal supervision of A. A. Farland.

American of pure English descent. Connected through father with earliest makers in North America; Nathan F. having been assistant to Abraham Prescott, bass and cello maker (born 1789). Charles E. F. began making in 1883 and has made 290 violins. Latest period began 1900 with alteration to new model considered superior to preceding ones. Violins are good, substantial thickness. Makes and uses own amber oil varnish. Color varies.

German. Learned trade in Germany. Dealer in old and new violins. Government appraiser. Expert in copying and judging old violins. Manufacturer of special varnish extensively used by makers.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

Norwegian birth. Inventor of patented finger guide for beginners.

Origin, as he stated it Norway

Importers and dealers in old and new violins. Also stores in Boston and Chicago.

Violin maker and repairer; formerly of Markneukirchen, now employed by R. S. Williams & Son Co., Ltd.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

American; repairer. Dealer in old violins; expert. Has supplied many of the artists in the United States with old instruments. New York premises rendezvous for artists.

French-Canadian maker employed by T. O. Dionne.

Origin, as he stated it French-Canadian

French; thirty years' experience as maker of violins on classic models; also of old violins.

Origin, as he stated it France

American; expert and connoisseur; has had experience making and repairing. Has been foreign buyer, and head of violin department of Lyon & Healy for twenty-seven years. Government appraiser; author of 'The Italian School of Violin Makers.'

Founded 1883 by the renowned violin maker, John Friedrich, appraiser for United States Government, who learned the trade with Schonger, of Kassel; Moeckel, of Berlin; Hemmig, of Leipzig, and others. After working in several large German centers he came to New York in 1883, where he was shortly joined by his brother William (died 1911). Exhibited 1893 at World's Columbian Exposition and 1904 at St. Louis Exposition, receiving highest awards. In 1894 Ernest N. Doring, Jr., and in 1911 W. J. Friedrich became active in the business. The firm specializes in rare old violins of undoubted authenticity, and this department includes full assortment of cheaper old violins, as well as a full line of new French and German instruments of all grades. Large staff employed in the repair department.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

Well-known maker and repairer of German birth.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

American maker, repairer and expert; born Roxbury, Mass. Eleven years' experience in trade. Employed by Musicians' Supply Company, of Boston. Specializes in fine bow repairing.

Incorporated. President, August Gemunder, nephew of George Gemunder. Makers and repairers, dealers in accessories, importers.

Deceased. German. Pupil of Vuillaume. In business in New York City with brother, August Gemunder. Independent in Astoria. The violins of George Gemunder took highest awards at Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, 1876; also Paris Exposition. Son, George, said to have inherited his father's genius, died on Long Island 1915.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

See under Wagner & George.

Maker of proved reputation.

American maker, born 1853, Danvers, Mass. Worked from 1870. Established in Lynn, Mass., in 1896. Went to Boston 1899. Was for twelve years expert and supervisor of repairing in two of the largest houses in America dealing in and repairing fine old violins, etc. Established in Boston, Mass., 1911, specializing in copies of celebrated Cremona instruments and fine repairing. In contest (Chicago, June, 1912), in which nineteen violins (eleven modern and eight ancient) were entered by the votes of the American Guild of Violinists, an instrument by this maker was adjudged to be the best.

American maker, repairer, appraiser for United States Government, and dealer in new and old violins, bows, strings and all violin accessories. Publisher of 'The Fiddle.' Sons connected with firm, Erik H., Orin A., Gilbert H. Manufacturers of the Orthotonic Specialties, strings, rosin, polish, oil, etc.

Dealers in violins and accessories. Leading house in Detroit, twenty branches in other cities.

Manufacturers of violins to supply demand formerly filled by best products of Markneukirchen and Mittenwald. Output is tested and graded according to tone. Is said to have from the standpoint of machinery, system and workmanship, as good an equipment for the production of fine violins as can be found.

American maker and repairer, born in Massachusetts. Learned trade with O. H. Bryant, beginning as a repairer. Started making new violins ten years ago and has devoted attention largely to problem of tone. At present employed by O. Ditson Company, of Boston.

American maker, repairer and dealer in old and new violins. Manufacturing violin rosin. Worked as maker for others from 1890-1900, then established independently. Violins are all numbered and dated and copies of old masters. Last number – 144. Violins all made from historical old wood 100-150 years old. Special oil varnish used.

Violin maker and repairer. Formerly with Rauthe, of Vienna; now employed by R. S. Williams & Son Company, Ltd.

American. Well-known repairer, fine instruments and bows.

Thomas Hext, president; twenty-eight years in business, also handling rare old instruments. Dealers in violins, cellos, basses, bows, etc. A. J. Mertes in charge of violin department.

Trading as Hildebrandt, C. E., & Son.

Retired Commodore United States Navy. Born Washington, D.C., November 11, 1856. Violin maker only. Has devoted especial attention to the acoustical construction of the violin and to the preparation of a colorless, transparent filler varnish.

Importer of Italian strings. Sole agent for Matchless silk E strings.

Makers, repairers and dealers, formerly in New York City. J. D. Horvath inventor of 'Philmonon' process. Own violins made in three grades and application of special process claimed to ensure excellence of tone. Inventor of filler for violin wood to equalize its density. German.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

American maker, born Missouri, 1871. Began making about seventeen years ago. Output limited. Follows Strad model, using eucalyptus wood for scrolls.

Dealers in old and new violins, violas, cellos, basses, bows, strings and all accessories. One of oldest American music houses. Founded 1865 by late Elias Howe, born Framingham, Mass., 1820. Founder, deceased 1895, was one of the first to bring to American large collections of old violins, making his first trip to Europe for this purpose 1871. After the death of the founder was continued by two sons and incorporated 1898 under present name. For thirty-five years located at 88 Court Street, business removed in its jubilee year to present address.

Repairers and dealers in old and new violins, strings, bows and accessories. Repair department in charge of Ernis Kornis.

Deceased; formerly of Salina, Kans.

Deceased; formerly of Northampton, Mass.

American maker, born Tennessee, 1861, of English descent. Follows old models and has also original model. Assisted by two sons, James A. and William.

Manufacturers, importers, wholesale dealers in all kinds of gut strings. Successors to Ruffini, Conti & Co. Manufacturers of 'Artisto,' 'Metro' and 'Cardinal' violin, viola, cello, bass and harp strings. Established 1908. Factories in United States and Italy.

Lawyer. Experience as connoisseur began 1869. Has made many trips through the Southern States collecting old violins, which he repairs and sells.

Maker and repairer; capacity of new instruments eighteen to twenty-four yearly.

Dealers in old and new violins, bows, strings, accessories and all kinds of highest grade musical merchandise. Specializing in violins of good quality at moderate charge, such as own Harwood violins, representing high measure of quality, style, tone and symmetry, reasonable price for purchaser, also bows, cases, strings and supplies.

Canadian maker and repairer; pupil of the late David Mitchell, for many years violin maker in Hamilton, Ont.

American maker; born Massachusetts of English descent. Began making 1880; established independently 1903. Assisted by son, Walter R. Kinney.

Son and pupil of Edward Kinney.

American manufacturer of chin rests; born Indiana, 1867; connected with trade thirty-three years.

Violin and bow maker, importer and dealer, wholesale and retail, in old and new Italian, French and German violins, violas and cellos, strings, cases and all accessories. Large collection of old instruments.

American maker, born near Auburn, N.Y., 1864. Assisted in acquiring trade by late Walter E. Colton. Repairing and string-winding limit his output of new instruments. Violin repairing and winding G strings specialties.

Wholesale and retail dealers in violins and accessories, employing J. N. Aschow as maker and repairer.

Deceased. Pupil of Wilhelm Neumarker.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

Repairer for many years employed by Remenyi, of Budapest, now in charge of repair department of Hunleth Music Company.

Origin, as he stated it Hungary

Maker and repairer. Born Weissenburg, near Nuremburg, Germany, 1876, of family of violin makers, father and grandfather having belonged to the trade. Served apprenticeship in Markneukirchen. His violins entered in contest of new violins held in Chicago 1912, received highest markings. Believes in principle of leaving sufficient wood in violin to ensure healthy tone at beginning and consistent improvement with age.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

English. Schooling in London. Experience in Toronto; Lyon & Healy 1893-96. Independent twelve years; in charge of violin department of Rudolph Wurlitzer Co., Chicago. Follows long Strad model; uses own varnish formula.

Origin, as he stated it England

Making, repairing and dealing since 1903. Uses special bass bar of own invention.

Repairer of German birth employed by Hext Music Company. Born Cologne, 1863.

Origin, as he stated it Germany (born Cologne, 1863)

Makers and importers; dealers in old and new violins, bows, cases and all accessories. Manufacturers of wound strings. Founded by the late William Lewis, one of the best violinists of his time in this country, the firm is now controlled by Mr. Fred Lewis, son of William Lewis. 'Lewis' new violins are made by Mr. George Einsele, of the firm.

Maker, repairer and dealer. Born Sweden; learned trade with E. A. Thompson, of Minneapolis. Employed as repairer by F. J. Buckley; established independently for two years, and has established reputation as restorer of old instruments. Violins of his make have been compared advantageously with old Italian instruments at meeting of Guild of Violinists, 1914. Large collection of fine old instruments from lowest to highest figures.

Origin, as he stated it Sweden

Dealer in all grades of old violins, violas, cellos, cases, strings and accessories. Maker of Albert Lind new violins. Repairing a specialty.

American maker; born West Virginia, 1855. Experimented with different kinds and qualities of native woods and effect of varnish thereon. Maker and dealer for past twenty years.

Born 1890, Budapest, of Hungarian and German parentage. Apprenticed to Carl Raab for three and one-half years. Later connected with firm of Joseph Pilat, Budapest; H. E. McMillan Company, Cleveland, etc. Now independent. Possesses special varnish dating from 1634.

Origin, as he stated it Hungary

Norwegian; maker and repairer for twenty years; has own outlines, but adopts Guarnarius arching and graduation. Special varnish.

Origin, as he stated it Norway

Established Chicago 1864 by the late George W. Lyon and Patrick Joseph Healy. Business comprises buying, importing, manufacturing, wholesaling and retailing musical goods and merchandise. Activity in music embraces everything known in music. Manufacturers of pianos, harps, band instruments, and makers of the Lyon & Healy violin. Their old violin department was formed in 1888, and through their hands have passed many of the world's famous violins. In 1902 the celebrated Hawley collection of violins, the most important ever assembled, was acquired. An extensive violin repair department well equipped with skilful and experienced workmen is maintained.

Manufacturer of Manuflex, an apparatus for exercising and strengthening fingers. Invented by Rex Underwood.

Importers, makers, wholesale and retail dealers in violins, strings and accessories. John Markert connected with trade over twenty-five years. Formerly with John Friedrich & Bro., H. R. Knopf, established independent business with F. W. Howard, 1900.

Deceased. French-Canadian amateur, maker. Born 1800 L'Assomption, Quebec. Output about 150 instruments; five cellos, five violas; said to be well made, fine varnish, fine tone.

American of German descent; born Pennsylvania. Maker and repairer of violins, violas and cellos. Pupil of B. S. Bretch. Business established 1909.

Maker, repairer and expert; born Bohemia. Graduate of the Imperial College for violin making and repairing at Schonbach. Ten years' experience in trade. Employed by Musicians' Supply Company, of Boston. Specializes in repair of old instruments.

Origin, as he stated it Bohemia

Of Scotch-Irish parentage. American maker and repairer of violins and cellos.

Music publishers, importers and wholesale and retail dealers in new and old musical instruments and merchandise. Established 1884. Dealers in new and old violins, bows and cellos. Repair department in charge of Carl Rothammer. See latter.

Importer, manufacturing and wholesale dealer in musical instruments, old and new violins, cellos, violas, basses, strings, accessories and musical merchandise. Established in New York since 1878. The Meisel family figures in history of violin making since 18th century. Repair department in charge of experts. Nearly every European maker and dealer of note is known personally to head of firm and many choice instruments have reached the United States through the firm.

In charge of violin department with Hext Music Company. Connected with violin trade nearly twenty-eight years.

Maker, repairer, dealer in old and new violins. Born Germany, 1883. Began to learn trade 1896. In business since 1909. Repairing and appraising a specialty.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

Trimmings for violins, etc.

Maker and repairer formerly 24 years in San Francisco; in Berkeley since 1906.

Makers, repairers, importers and dealers in high-class hand-made instruments. Italian violin, cello and bass strings; bows, cases; tools and old wood for instrument makers, and all accessories. Treasurer A. J. Oettinger. Employing, among others, as makers and repairers S. H. Adams, W. Ganshirt, F. A. Mayer and J. A. Young. See under respective names.

All kinds of wound strings and wire strings.

Manufacture the Nemusier, a device for silent violin practice and strengthening fingers, invented by Carl Frederic Steckelberg.

Began work 1880. Established 1884. Rebuilds old violins.

Maker and repairer of twenty-two years' experience. Formerly four years with H. E. McMillin & Son Company.

American. First instrument 1885. Follows Stradivari or Guarneri model.

American dealer and treasurer of Musicians' Supply Company, of Boston. Born Boston, 1860. Connected with trade since 1879.

Maker and repairer; born Augsburg, Germany. Learned trade with X. Kerschensteiner. Came to United States 1898 and now employed by Pepin Perfect Tone Violin Company. Twenty-four years' experience in workshops of Germany, England, Scotland and United States.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

Maker and repairer. Reconstructs old instruments by positive system.

American maker and repairer. Born Ohio, 1848. Began as banjo maker; violins and cellos since 1892. Follows Guarnerius model chiefly.

Patent attachment for wire E.

Maker, repairer and dealer in stringed instruments, strings and accessories.

Dealer, born New York. Connected with violin and bow trade fifteen years.

Manufacturer of chin rest.

Maker and repairer. Born in Germany; served apprenticeship with Herrmann Hammig, of Leipzig. Worked in Germany, Russia and United States for over forty years; now employed by John Markert & Co., of New York.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

Deceased; formerly of Chicago.

Inventors of the Pepin bass bar, for violins, cellos, etc., for purpose of equalizing and regulating tone. Employs as maker of new violins and repairer G. A. Ostertag. See under latter. Also makers and repairers.

Maker of quartet of instruments used by Brahms Quartet.

Inventor and manufacturer of the Poehland Shoulder Rest.

Manufacturers and sole agents of the original Boothe no-slip violin shoulder pad. Leather covered.

THE PHANTOM ADDRESS. An OCR column-merge attached this address to Reindahl and produced a New York connection that survived several research passes.

Violin, viola and bow maker. Born Norway, 1857. Learned wood carving trade. Made first violin 1867. Entered violin business 1896. Formerly twenty years in Athenaeum Bldg., Chicago.

Origin, as he stated it Norway

SELF-REPORTED AND DEMONSTRABLY UNRELIABLE. The parish register confirms 1857 (against his own Who's Who 1858). 'Made first violin 1867' would make him ten years old. Dated advertising evidence supports about fourteen years in the Athenaeum – roughly 1901 to 1915 – not twenty. Wenberg's 1986 errors on this maker trace to this entry.

Twenty-three years' experience; dealer in accessories.

American maker and repairer: from 1890 to 1901 in charge of violin department of C. W. Story firm, Boston, Mass. Also worked in New York City. Has repaired over 2,000 violins and made over 200 new ones, using Joseph Guarnerius del Gesu model.

American; maker, dealer and repairer. Born Vermont, 1838. Follows Stradivarius graduation.

American violin and bow maker, repairer and dealer. Born Ohio, 1851, of Scotch and English parentage. New instruments made only to order.

American maker, repairer and dealer. Connected with trade over forty years. Follows old Italian models, using own varnish.

Six years with the late J. Bonaparte Squier; silver medal and diploma Panama-American Exposition, Buffalo, 1901; bronze medal and diploma Jamestown Exposition, 1907.

THE PRINTED FORM IS 'Panama-American'. Read from the page image at magnification (p.38, line breaking after 'Panama-'); it is retained exactly as printed and is NOT to be silently normalised. The error is the Guide's, not this transcription's: the 1901 Buffalo world's fair was the PAN-American Exposition. Ropes is independently confirmed as an exhibitor there by the fair's own catalogue – Official Catalogue and Guide Book to the Pan-American Exposition, p. 113: 'Ropes, Walter S., North Adams, Mass. Violin. B-24.' (sources/ocr/panam_a.txt). A maker record drawing on this entry must quote the printed form and flag it, not correct it away.

Inventor and manufacturer of Tone Finder for Violin.

Trimmings for violin, etc.

Violin and bow maker and repairer. Learned trade with Pilat in Hungary. Eighteen years' experience in Austria-Hungary, Germany, Holland, Australia and United States. Now in charge of violin repair department with H. E. McMillin & Son Company, of Cleveland.

Origin, as he stated it Hungary

Maker and repairer; pupil of Wilhelm Neumarker.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

Established factory for stringed instruments; violins since Sept., 1915.

American; repairer and dealer. Connected with trade since 1877.

American; maker, repairer and expert; born Ohio, 1871; charter member American Academy Violin Makers. Connected with trade since 1892. Follows principles of old masters.

Maker and repairer; established in Brooklyn for fifteen years. Son of Henry Schradieck (violin virtuoso, teacher and author of pedagogic material for the violin), who has shown interest in the modern construction of violins and made practical endeavors to discover secrets of old Italian makers. Of late years repairing has limited son's output of new instruments.

Maker, repairer, appraiser and dealer in old and new violins and cellos; strings, bows and all accessories. For years consulting expert for old master violins at Custom House, New York.

American maker, of German parentage; born in Massachusetts, 1867. Apprenticed in 1886 for three years to Clark Powers, of Boston. Employed for two years by Charles W. Story; finished trade under J. A. Gould and many years in his employ. Several years chief maker and repairer for Elias Howe Company, partner of Robinson & Schultz; chief maker and repairer for Musicians' Supply Company, now in charge of making and repairing department of O. Ditson Company. Specialized in nationalities of instruments and reproduction of old Italian tones.

Austrian. Learned trade with George Haid, Vienna, zither and guitar maker.

Origin, as he stated it Austria

Importers and wholesale dealers only in stringed, band, and woodwind instruments, gut and wound strings, rosin, violin bows, etc. Sole agents for several leading European mfg. firms.

Bohemian-American; born 1883; maker and repairer for twelve years. Copies Strad and Guarnerius models; own oil varnish; color yellow red.

Origin, as he stated it Bohemia

American makers. Mrs. Smith follows method inherited from an ancestor, together with recipe for Cremona varnish.

American maker, born in Iowa, 1856. Began making about 1890. Output limited.

Deceased; formerly of Boston, Mass.

Deceased. American maker, born in Ohio, 1838; died in Boston, 1912. Made and reconstructed 608 violins; last three are modelled after the Allard Strad. One of foremost American makers; work highly esteemed. Used exclusively oil amber varnish. Included among his most esteemed instruments are the so-called 'Apostles' series of twelve violins, each named after an apostle, also the 'George Washington' and 'Abraham Lincoln.'

American; maker, repairer and dealer. Son of J. B. Squier. Manufacturer of wound strings.

Collector and repairer of thirty years' experience.

American; 1847; maker and repairer. Learned trade with father, also with I. H. Arey and Henry Gardner. Connected with trade since 1866. Made first violin in 1873. Manufacturer of oil varnish.

American; maker, repairer and dealer; born in Michigan, 1855. Engaged in violin making for over twenty years. Made ninety-two violins up to date. Uses Strad model chiefly. Has rebuilt 100 instruments. For last five years R. E. Wines has been associated in the business.

American maker, repairer and dealer; born 1867. Entered music business 1880. Made first violin 1911.

Maker and repairer, born Germany, pupil of Wilhelm Neumarker. Twenty-four years' experience, working in Paris, Nurnberg, Amsterdam, London, etc. Established ten years Chicago. Follows Strad and Guarneri models; own varnish, reddish yellow.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

Son of Jacob Thoma. Repairer and maker, also importer of special strings, etc.

German. Fifty years' experience in Leipzig and Boston. Expert repairer. Maker of the 'Thoma Solo Violins.'

Origin, as he stated it Germany

Expert violin, viola and cello bow repairer.

German. Forty years' experience in Germany and New York.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

American; maker and repairer; dealer in violins and accessories.

Youngest of the sons of the famous English bow maker of the latter 18th and beginning 19th century. Almost seventy years' experience as bow maker and old violin repairer in London and New York.

Origin, as he stated it England

THE FIRM'S WHOLE EVIDENCE BASE SITS ON THIS ROW. This is the third and last of three attestations, all of them one-line directory entries. The syndicated "Professional Directory" – carried by The Journal of School Music (1908 volume) and reprinted by The Violinist (July 1909) – prints "Ulbrich-Tatter Violin Company, West Pullman, Ill." under "Violin Makers, Dealers, Etc."; both printings were read from the page images on 12 August 2026, and they are one syndicated list in two carriers, not two independent attestations. The 11900 block of South Halsted is West Pullman, so the earlier lines and this one agree, and 11926 is printed plainly here – an earlier harvest note calling it an OCR garble is wrong. CONTROLLED ABSENCE: both Poidras volumes were checked on 12 August 2026 and neither carries the firm; the U section of vol. 2 runs Uhlschmid to Ullmann on the intact page read for Turrell, and vol. 1 runs Tubbs to Urban intact, so the zero is a real absence and not a failed reading. The Guide prints the name bare, without "Violin Company", which is why a name-keyed check missed this entry. A draft maker record for the firm was retired to this row on 13 August 2026: a firm is not a maker, the site has no shape for firms, and this line now holds everything that draft held. Who Ulbrich and Tatter were, when the firm began and ended, and whether it incorporated in Illinois are all unknown.

American maker; output limited.

American maker, repairer and dealer in old and new violins; born in Ohio, 1859. Has system by which 529 violins have been re-toned; also 16 violas, 9 cellos, etc. Copies of violins made to order.

WHAT RETONING WAS IS NOT STATED. An earlier version of this row asserted 'Retoning is regraduation by another name.' That gloss is struck: neither this entry nor the p. 32 advertisement contains regraduation, regraduate, graduation, thickness, plate or arching in any form, and neither defines the 'system'. The control is that the same volume does use the word elsewhere – 'Maker, repairer and regraduater of violins' at p. 25, 'Violins regraduated and faults in tone corrected' in an advertisement at p. 28 – so the vocabulary was available and Van Dorston did not use it. Both leaves re-read from the page images on 13 August 2026.

Violin maker and repairer; formerly a partner in Amsterdam of Van de Meer; now employed by R. S. Williams & Son Co., Ltd.

Origin, as he stated it Netherlands (formerly partner in Amsterdam of Van de Meer)

Maker, repairer, importer and dealer in violins, etc. Manufacturer of covered strings; born in Germany. Came to United States in 1906. Engaged with Carl Fischer until 1909, when established independently.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

Makers and repairers of violins, cellos and bows. Importers of strings, etc. Established 1898. Franz Wagner, born Constance, Germany, learned trade of Hammig in Stuttgart. Thirty years' experience in New York, Chicago and Toronto. Carl H. George, born Hamburg, Germany, learned trade with Franz Wagner. Twenty years' experience at making and repairing; has studied European collections.

Origin, as he stated it Germany (Franz Wagner born Constance; Carl H. George born Hamburg)

German. Twenty years' experience in Germany and Milwaukee. Classic models. Yellow brown varnish.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

Mr. Weeman's present firm organized in 1910. Mr. Beal, a professional cellist, has had twenty-seven years' experience in violin trade. Mr. Holmberg, a professional violinist, has devoted whole life to study of and dealing with stringed instruments.

Maker, repairer and dealer in violins and accessories.

American maker, repairer, importer and dealer in old and new violins, bows, strings and accessories. Patentee of the Wickes chin rest. Born in Rhode Island, 1860. Follows various models. Prior to 1904 associated in business with Andrew Hyde, of Northampton.

American maker, repairer; born 1842; patentee of crescent sound-hole. Exhibited at Centennial and Columbian Exhibitions.

Dealers, manufacturers, importers and repairers of musical instruments and merchandise. Owners of India rubber violin chin rest. Established 1849 by the late R. S. Williams, violin maker. R. S. Williams, son of preceding, learned trade with father, also Alfred Hill, of London. Employ in violin department Messrs. Van Rosenmuller, George Heine, Max Fischer, A. Delivet.

Born in Iowa, 1852. Originally wood carver; began making with D. G. Struble, of Washington, D.C., with whom he has been associated in business for last five years.

Dealer; artistic repairing a specialty. Fine old violins constantly on hand.

American maker and repairer; born 1860. Connected with trade over twenty years.

Dealers in old and new violins, strings, bows and all accessories, as well as all kinds of musical instruments and merchandise. Established also in Chicago. The name Wurlitzer has been associated with violin trade for over two centuries. Hans Andrea W. and Hans Adam W. mentioned in 1698 and 1772, respectively, as 'Meister' in the records of Markneukirchen. Since outbreak of European war in 1914 firm has acquired collection of old instruments from Caressa & Francais. Also agents for their new instruments.

Origin, as he stated it Germany

American maker, repairer and expert. Fifteen years' experience in trade. Employed by Musicians' Supply Co., of Boston. Specializes in making fine cellos for soloists.

American maker, born 1868; established 1907. Output limited yearly. Uses variety of native spruce with good results.

Final entry in the American directory.