Books › An encyclopedia of the violin, 1925 › scan 136
Scan 136
An encyclopedia of the violin, 1925
38 lines. Read by computer on 26 September 2026. Printed page 112. See the scan on archive.org.
1Garance (Fleur-de-garance or madder-bloom). This "flowers of madder" is a refined dyestuff obtained by macerating commercial madder.
3Gum arabic. Gum arabic is of the type of the gums which are entirely soluble in water. It is obtained from a variety of sources as it exists in the juices of almost all plants. It is largely obtained from the Acacia arabica of North Africa and eastern Asia, and varies in color from straw yellow to deep red. Varieties are: gum senegal produced by the Acacia verek, occurring in rounded pieces, reddish or yellow, and supplying a very clear, tough mucilage. Shagual gum, from Santiago, Chili, resembles gum senegal.
5Lac or gum lac. This is a resinous incrustation formed of the twigs of various trees by an infesting insect, the Coccus lacca, allied to the cochineal insect, in the East Indies and southeastern Asia. To obtain the largest amount of both resin and red dyestuff, which is segregated in the ovaries of the females, the twigs with their living inhabitants are gathered in June and November. "Stick lac" is the lac encrusting the twigs when gathered; the resin crushed small and washed in hot water to free it from coloring matter is known as "seed lac," and this, melted and strained is the "shellac" of commerce. Lac forms the basis of some of the most valuable of varnishes.
7Litharge. Lead monoxid, straw yellow in color and used as a pigment.
9Logwood. The Mexican and Central American Hæmatoxylon campechianum supplies the dark red heart wood, whose color pigments readily dissolve in boiling water. It is also known as campeachy wood.
11Madder. The Dutch Rubia tinctorum is the plant whose peeled roots supply madder, a pigment whose coloring principle is alizarin. The madders are brown, madder carmine and madder orange in color.
13Mastic (gum mastic). A resinous exudation from the lentisk, Pistacia leatiscus, an evergreen shrub found along the Mediterranean coast, Portugal, Morocco and the Canaries. Mastic occurs in commerce in the form of roundish tears as large as peas, transparent, with a pale yellow or greenish tinge. It is soluble in alcohol and oil of turpentine.
15Muriatic acid. Hydrochloric acid, a corrosive gaseous compound, very soluble in water, generally sold under the name of muriatic acid.
17Oil of lavender. The product of the distillation of flowers of lavender with water. The variety most often used for varnishes is oil of spike, obtained from the Lavandula latifolia.
19Orpiment. An arsenic-sulphur combination yielding a brilliant yellow color known as king's yellow.
21Pernambuco wood. See Brazil wood.
23Saffron. The dried, deep orange-colored stigmas of the saffron plant, Crocus sativus, which yield a much-used pigment for coloring varnishes.
25Sal ammoniac. A soluble ammonium chlorid, white in color, and vitreous.
27Sandalwood. This wood, much used as a dye, is not the Santalum yasi, but the Pterocarpus santalunis, and grows in India and Ceylon. The close grained heart wood is a dark red in color.
29Sandarach. This is a yellowish transparent resin obtained from the Callitris quadivalvis, a conifer of northwest Africa; analogous resins coming from the Callitris sineusis of China and the C. reessii of South Australia, which last product is known as pine gum. Sandarach reaches commerce in the form of small round balls or elongated tears, is yellow in color, and somewhat harder than mastic for which it is sometimes substituted. True Sandarach is obtained from the common juniper, and is another name for juniper gum.
31Sulphate of lead. A mixture of lead carbonate and hydrated oxid, used as a pigment.
33Terebinth. The liquid oleoresinous exudation of the Pistacia terebinthus, a small tree common in southern Europe and the Mediterranean area, known as Chian, Scio or Cyprian turpentine.
35Tragacanth (gum tragacanth). This gum, a product of the Astragalus tragacantha, comes from Smyrna and Constantinople, occurs in opaque whitish flakes, and is an excellent thickener of colors. It may be considered one of the varieties of gum arabic.
37Tumeric. Tumeric, terra merita or curcuma (safran d'Inde: Indian saffron), is
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